Swot analysis Essay Example for Free

Swot analysis Essay STRENGTHS   It successfully projects Indian philosophy It attempts to highlight traveling facilities It projects governmental concern over safety and security of the tourists   It exploits visual and print details of Indian wildlife, social and cultural hotspots   Its backed by the Tourism Department of India WEAKNESSESS   It completely ignores the upcoming tourism market like medical tourism   It fails to promote Yoga and other ancient Indian healing and spiritual development techniques separately It fails to promote word of mouth campaign   It fails to create a USP which is essential for branding and positioning. It fails to exploit the 300-year old Indo-British relationship OPPORTUNITIES   Huge Market of medical tourism is growing rapidly and it deserves to be the nodal head of the entire campaign   It has the scope to exploit the upsurge of new age culture, which is a revival of ancient Asian techniques to maintain well being   It has the scope to embed far more attractive packages by embedding sophisticated medical treatment or ancient healing/well being facilities with sight-seeing   It can exploit the British sentiments over colonial architectures in India THREATS. Other Asian countries like Japan, China, Hong Kong, Singapore and Malaysia are gearing up towards promoting medical tourism. These countries have already popularized the Buddhist or Chinese/Mongoloid style of healing and well being techniques, which too is a part of the New Age Culture These countries possess quality infrastructure While SWOT attempts to summarize the pros and cons of Incredible India Campaign, the issue of branding India in the global tourism market needs one vital approach to achieve its desired outcome, and that is, to review this campaign from the framework of branding technique. IV. Analysing Incredible India from the Perspective of Branding Branding works as an invisible tool, which creates a situation where the name of the company/organization would trigger all the stimuli in the customers instantly. Thus the journey of a product together with branding would look like below: Figure 1 The figure above evokes a few basic clarifications about branding, before this system can be incorporated in a company, where are the issues are: 1. Definition of Branding 2. Importance of branding 3. Brand equity 4. Brand loyalty 5. Brand awareness. 6. Brand value 7. Brand personality IV. 1. How Incredible India can create a strong brand India As Mary Brown, a creative director of Marketing Angel would prefer to define brand as a term that has evolved to mean the enduring emotional association one has with a particular company or product (McCall, 2003), the famous copywriter and ad agency founder David Ogilvy would prefer to go into a detail brand is an intangible sum of a products attributes: its name, packaging, price, its history, reputation, and the way its advertised (Brand, 2008). In short, brand could be anything like symbol, words, or mark that distinguishes a product or company from its competitors(Brand Definition, 2008). From this perspective Incredible India needs to review its name, packaging, price and its history and modify it concerning the current demand. IV. 2. Definition of Branding Branding is the sum total of a companys identity – from its name and logo to every piece of communication(Brandguru). Thus, the campaign in discussion needs to have multiple views on the definition of branding to have a comprehensive view, besides choosing the right one applicable for restaurant industry. Branding means starting with your values and beliefs, projecting these into everything you do, and going forward from there, says Susan Dunn, the EQ Coach (Dunn, 2007), while some would prefer to say, branding is generally used to describe the companys visual identity (Branding, 2006). Todays modern concept of branding grew out of the consumer packaged goods industry and the process of branding has come to include much, much more than just creating a way to identify a product or company, observes Dave Dolak (2001), a branding professional and an author. Thus, the successful branding of India should be able to 1. Deliver the message clearly. 2. Confirm the credibility of the company. 3. Connect the target prospects emotionally. 4. Motivate the buyers. 5. Concretize the user loyalty (Lake, 2008). In any case, overall branding can also stretch to a logo, symbol, or even design features (Bizhelp, 2008). Taking cue from the above ideas, this can be said that branding is an attempt to create a wholesome bonding between the company and its customers: Figure – 2 The diagram above clearly shows that branding literally bonds the customer with a product in several ways – the end result of which brings in secured sales for the company. This amply proves the significance of branding in the life of a company – if it wants to grow more; it cannot do without branding, from this perspective Incredible India has to focus more on emphasizing emotional bond with UK through exploiting the earlier history of close communication.

Laws, Lawyers, and Punishment in the Victorian Period :: Victorian Era

Laws, Lawyers, and Punishment in the Victorian Period The Law †¢At the beginning of the 19th century there were 3 types of law in England: -Common Law: the â€Å"law of the land†(Pool 127), which was built up over many centuries *referred to in order to determine such cases as the validity of a contract or whether or not someone was guilty of murder †¢3 courts that heard cases: -King’s Bench- criminal cases -Eschequer- disputes about money -Common Pleas- disputes between citizens -Equity: seen over by the Chancery Court; designed to give relief from strict decisions made by the common law -Church Law: 4 courts -Court of Arches-Court of the archbishop -Court of Faculties-granted special permission to do things such as hold multiple livings -Consistory Court-handled divorce and wills -Prerogative Court- wills of bishops However, this system of laws changed much throughout the century. The Chancery became merely a joke for there you could not present evidence during trials and Parliament came to view it as necessary for matters of will and divorce to be referred to new civil courts instead of the church. In 1873 the 3 common law courts and the Chancery were combined to make the Supreme Court Lawyers †¢There were two types of lawyers: -those who argued in court- barristers, sarjeants, and advocates -those who prepared the cases for these lawyers- attorneys, solicitors, proctors †¢Courtroom lawyers held more prestige especially the barrister, who was often well born †¢To become a barrister one had to go to a certain number of dinners at the Inns of Court for 3 years. Then if you were approved of by the older lawyers you’d be â€Å"called to the bar† and then could become a barrister. There was no exam required. †¢Solicitors had to serve as an in-between between the barristers and their clients. So they were â€Å"in trade† which was less respectful to become solicitor one had to be an apprentice for 5 years to a practicing lawyer Punishment †¢In 1800 there were over 200 offences punishable by death including sheep stealing and doing damage to the Westminster Bridge -This harshness was probably due to the lack of real paid policemen at the time. So when someone was actually caught and convicted they were made an example.

A report that reflects on Person Centred Therapy

I reflected on Person-centred Therapy (PCT) as the comparative model because of the conflict that exists between this and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT). The conflict is historical, political and from personal experience. In therapy twenty years ago I became frustrated with my counsellor’s person-centred approach. I challenged my counsellor to provide me with more support and help. I therefore had preconceived ideas of PCT which may be similar to stereotypical thinking of these models. It was excessively warm, completely non-directive and only reflected back to the client, which I found frustrating.I understand now it was because my coping style was externalised and I had no control over external events, which suited a more direct counselling approach. So, how would this influence my practice as a counsellor? In theoretical terms and in observed practice I appreciated the benefits of PCT for its empathetic understanding and for clients who require a non-directive approach to gain emotional awareness. Presenting issues that can be helped by PTS are bereavement, drug and alcohol issues, depression, panic and anxiety, eating difficulties, self-harm, childhood sexual abuse (Tolan and Wilkins, 2012).I have used the model affectively for bereavement and sexual abuse as an offer of a direction would have been inappropriate and incongruent at the time. My preconceptions of CBT were solution focused, challenging and that low intensity based interventions ignore the client’s past. I feel competent in using certain behavioural intervention in my practice and challenge maladaptive thinking patterns in sessions. CBT is a medical model and although we have been taught the disadvantages to diagnoses, CBT is seen as the treatment of choice for many presenting problems due to the amount of empirical evidence available.These are anxiety disorders, panic, phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder, PTSD, bulimia and depression as identified by NICE (NICE, 2008, Acc essed online 27/06/201). This report reflects on the appropriate use of the models. Stereotypes have some element of truth, but at the same time, are not the truths. I wanted to understand the similarities and parallels while respecting the fact that, in practise, I use both models. I didn’t want to do a bit of each badly, but use a model in full at the appropriate time and understand my reason for doing so (Casemore, and Tudway, 2012).Both PCT and CBT are deeply rooted in the same philosophical underpinning of humanism, existentialism, and both are phenomenology particularly to the nature of suffering. However, there are differences in the understanding and interpretation of the philosophy. Both approaches view a person as continually seeking growth and self-actualisation. There are incompatible beliefs between the models. (Casemore, and Tudway, 2012). PCT observes that seeking growth and self-actualisation is a way of being and in itself therapeutic.Rogers’ professed that there were six necessary conditions for therapeutic growth that alone were sufficient to lead to a fully functioning person. The individual is the own expert who can determine their own journey of their reality and can heal themselves with the core, being the relationship itself. The structure of the self includes self-concept and introjected beliefs. PCT communicates acceptance of the client’s own experience and encourages then to identify alternate choices. It is a continual journey of self-awareness and knowledge, with the drive always towards growth (Mearns & Thorne, 2012).CBT views growth and self-actualisation as a shared goal of therapy to be reached with a set of tools, to be implemented in therapy. CBT’s view comes from Ellis who defines a person as irrational and rational. In CBT terms ‘dysfunctional beliefs’ are similar to ‘introjected beliefs’ and led to distortion in the self-concept. The irrational cause’s distress a nd rational directs the individual to fully functioning. CBT primary belief is self distortion and the process of cognitive dissonance.Interventions such as the ABCDE framework are used to challenge and dispute irrational thinking and are aimed at increasing client’s self-awareness and self-understanding. CBT sees the relationship as more collaborative and facilitates new learning. An individual’s construct of reality is dimensional and irrationality stops the client from changing. Therefore, a person’s drive is not always towards growth (Casemore, and Tudway, 2012). A similarity of both approaches is the understanding of self-worth and unconditional self-acceptance. The nature of suffering is seen the same. Humans are flawed, imperfect and we cause our own disturbance.Both see the client as the expert in the relationship. Authenticity is of great importance to both PCT and CBT as is the therapeutic relationship. It is the emphasis on the process of change, to b ecome oneself, where the differences in two models lie (Castonguay, & Hill, 2012). From a PCT perspective a client discovers some hidden aspect of them self that they weren’t aware of previously and moves towards a greater degree of acceptance of self by being prized by the therapist (unconditional positive regard), have a sense of realness (genuineness) and listen to them self (empathy).A client moves towards seeing new meaning. These changes are characteristic of therapeutic movement. The client moves along a continuum from rigid structure to flow which can be seen in the seven stages of therapeutic change. Rogers’ term was ‘organismic experiencing’ which was interpersonal in the therapeutic relationship through unconditional positive regard and intrapersonal within the client accepting a new experience into their awareness (Castonguay, & Hill, 2012). In PCT, the process of change there are different corrective experiences for a client.For me practising with a client group from a women’s refuge I use PCT and Rogers’ condition-of-worth. The incongruence between the self-concept and authentic self is evident due to the abuse. This creation of a false self is corrected with unconditional positive regard, empathy and genuineness. Process Theory is where, change in the experience of feelings and the recognition that the client is the creator of their own construct occurs. The therapeutic change has a developmental sequence.There is a change in the client’s manner of experiencing feelings and recognition of being the creator of their own constructs, accepting responsibility and in relating to others openly and freely. This is compatible with the condition of worth. A person moves with acceptance to a fully functioning person. The person’s overall ‘way of being’ is changed. Relating to a congruent therapist, the client learns to be open and congruent themselves (Castonguay, & Hill, 2012). Unblockin g or Focusing is where the self-correcting, self-healing process of the organism is blocked.The person can’t refer inwardly, focus on feelings or articulate meaning. They have a rigid self-concept. Empathic listening within the therapeutic relationship opens the issue to re-examination and unblocks the person self-healing process. There is an interaction between the feeling and the attention the client brings to create a new meaning. This is Gendlin’s felt sense, an unexpected feeling of flow. The client becomes an active self-healer who has been felt heard and understood (Castonguay, & Hill, 2012).In practice building ‘Meaning Bridges’ – new understanding which identifying introjects imposed by others who imposed external systems of value has been paramount because of the external pressure that have be imposed through a close relationship. Internal opposing voices can be accepted, examined and resolved through compromise and collaborative solution. Until now, I saw this as CBT but can now see this as PCT with Rogers’s necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic change all that is needed for the process of change and this change occurs without engaging in cognitive process, but in the moment (Castonguay, & Hill, 2012).I am able to draw personal parallels from watching Rogers’ session with Gloria. Gloria wanted an answer from Rogers. In the session she found it for herself, even though she actively interpreted that he had helped her to the decision; even though he hadn’t. She makes the decision of honesty for herself. Although non-directive, Rogers’s session had a focused, this was of self-healing and self-direction. Refuting the belief that the person-centred way is only to reflect back to the client. The warmth from the counsellor is also part of the process of condition of worth.This helps me challenge my preconceived ideas and understand what is happening in practice. In practise, I am awa re from a CBT perspective the therapeutic approach can teach clients new skills. The therapist is regarded as more of a coach. The client benefits from new skills and perspectives which facilitate the learning and have a sense of efficacy. I have used CBT to look at specific problem behaviours and conceptualise them as having cognitive, affective, behavioural and physiological elements each of which can have a legitimate target for intervention and can be check for validity (Castonguay, & Hill, 2012).The process of change occurs in practice as old ways are challenged through exposure exercise, behavioural experiments and cognitive restructuring techniques. Change occurs in the therapeutic setting or outside in a person everyday life. It may require repetition to produce a lasting effect and reduce maladapted patterns. This is where CBT and PCT are similar as this requires a strong therapeutic alliance, but CBT literature takes this as a given and may be a reason it is criticised. Cl ients are taught emotional regulation and basic functioning skills, such as problem-solving skills, breathing relaxation and active coping.Specific interventions are then used to motivate and foster the therapeutic relationship, such as cost benefit analysis, daily thought records, and in vivo exposure. Aligning client’s goals with interventions in a formulation develops the therapeutic alliance and collaborates with the client, with hypothesis-testing strategies used to undergo the process of change [Casemore, and Tudway, 2012). CBT is focused on corrective experiences and facilitates through interventions rather than challenging a client.It respects the importance of the therapeutic relationship and uses Rogers’ core conditions but does not see the conditions as sufficient. In-depth schema focused CBT takes the therapy to a deeper level and deals with past issues, than the low intensity offered by the NHS. Again my preconceptions are challenged for the benefit of my practice. I can see how the two models are not rivals, as Roger Casemore and Jeremy Tudway suggest in their book Person-centred Therapy and CBT, and that sibling as a metaphor works well (Casemore, and Tudway, 2012).For me, the therapeutic relationship and the advanced empathy required in PCT are important in my practise along with the core conditions in order to create change. Rogers’ believes interventions as wrong, from a philosophical point of view, as the client always having to lead the therapy. This is because Rogers sees a person as having limitless potential. For me, CBT in offering intervention and gentle coaching helps a client on their journey to self-healing and a seed can be planted and therapeutic change can happen outside the counselling session.I support the views not all humans have the same drive and there is an unconscious element to being rational or irrational. It is a more real idea and not as optimistic as Rogers. It is observation of this therapeutic change and this idea that supports the use of CBT in my practise (Casemore, and Tudway, 2012). The BACP ethical framework has been written with Rogers’ core conditions in mind. Therefore, PCT offers the client and the therapist the need to fulfil the principles of self-care, of being trustworthy and providing autonomy.As to the personal moral qualities the PCT requires the therapist to have advanced empathy. CBT has been criticised for focusing too much on the intervention and not being of beneficence. In CBT extra competence in the implementation of the intervention is required, so the criticism of the technique becoming the therapy cannot be applied . In writing this report and in my practise, I feel the difference are enough not to combine the models, but that each model can go into the same toolkit and used separately in the same session with a client.With the collaborative element in mind and further reading I am interested in the approach by Mick Cooper and John McLeod. The pluralistic perspective which believes individual clients would â€Å"benefit from different therapeutic methods† used at â€Å"different points in time†. Therapist would â€Å"work collaboratively† with clients. â€Å"Help them identify what they want from therapy† and how this can be achieved. It leaves the question of the process of therapy integration in practice open for debate. (Cooper, and McLeod, 2010, Assessed Online26/06/13).

The Core Text Of Hinduism - 3124 Words

The core text of Hinduism is nestled into a larger work. The Mahabarata is a lengthy tale embedded with the basic principles of Hinduism. Within this work lies the Bhagavad Gita, a story surrounding the ups and downs of a family war involving Prince Arjuna. In the work, Arjuna has trouble coming to terms with the fact that he must battle against his relatives in order to solve the issue of which cousin is next in line to rule. The theme of war is extremely prevalent, and violence must be addressed by the main protagonists. Similarly, the core of Daoism lies within the Tao Te Ching, a book with eighty-one chapters discussing the philosophies of the Daoist sages. The idea of fighting according to Daoist sages and masters is despicable; it must be the absolute last resort if one cannot find a solution to any conflict. Within the Bhagavad Gita, war and fighting are expressed in a number of different ways, but Krishna explains to Arjuna that it is his dharma, or duty, to fight in t his war against his family members. However, the opinion of war and fighting within the Tao Te Ching greatly differs from that of the Bhagavad Gita, as Daoist masters taught that fighting with force should be used only out of absolute necessity; it should not be something that one jumps to whenever conflict arises. War within the Bhagavad Gita plays a very important role: it assists the main character Arjuna in fulfilling his destiny and overcoming the most extreme family tension of war. TheShow MoreRelatedHinduism And Buddhism : Buddhism942 Words   |  4 Pages Hinduism and Buddhism Park University Desmond Hutchinson RE307 â€Æ' Abstract Both Hinduism and Buddhism originated in India a very different world and origin than the other main religions. 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Accidental Discovery Of Christopher Columbus - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1775 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/04/15 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Christopher Columbus Essay Did you like this example? Many important figures have contributed to our understanding of marine exploration though not as pivotal as Christopher Columbus and his accidental discovery. Columbus is considered to be one of the greatest and well-known mariner of all time for challenging and developing ideas which allowed him to become successful. He is the reason that Europeans had come to a realization of undiscovered land of the Americas. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Accidental Discovery Of Christopher Columbus" essay for you Create order Christopher Columbus took a voyage westward in search of Asia to look for an efficient way to trade by sea. The outcome of the westward voyage resulted in an accidental discovery of the New World. The first voyage leads to a deep exploration of the newly discovered Americas and their native inhabitants causing a devastating effect on their civilization. After the first voyage, Columbus leads three more expeditions to the New World which highly impacts the course of history in a significant manner. The renowned Christopher Columbus was born in Genoa, Italy in the year 1451. He learned how to sail at an early age and was self-taught. He would often read navigation and astronomy books which sharpened his skills to become a well-known mariner. Columbus was a strong believer of a spherical earth and suggested the idea of finding a more efficient way of conducting trade for a profit by sailing West to end up East (Hale pp.7). He suggested his idea to King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain who surprisingly agreed and financed his expedition after being turned down by other Kings. Little did they know; the expedition would change the course of history. Christopher Columbus prepared for the Great Voyage readies three ships known as the Nia, the Pinta and the Santa Maria. He sets sail westward on August 3rd, 1492 from the Canary Islands in hopes to find the Eastern lands. After the eighth day of being at sea Columbus and crew had lost sight of the land they had left and had not seen land for a period of thirty days. The voyage was not as easy as Columbus had expected it to be, and it was uneventful as well consisting of disputes among crew members and harsh living condition. Columbus was faced with a sudden rebellion by the crew members as they had become anxious and truculent (Philips pp.147). According to Columbuss diary, he had made two sets of calculations evidently to deceive the crew into believing that they had sailed less to avoid gaining their distrust and being thrown overboard for their lack of patience (Hale pp.20-21). Then came the thirty-third day, Columbus and his crew come across land since their departure. They discovered the Caribbean Islands on October 11th late at night where they eagerly waited until morning to explore the island (Philips pp.153). As Columbus arrived at the island with his crew members he believed he had landed in India, therefore, calling the habitants Indians. He also began naming the islands that surrounded him and named the one he arrived to after their savior, San Salvador. Documents and letters written by Christopher Columbus himself drew a vivid picture of what he came across in San Salvador. He befriends the natives of the island and gave them treasures that gave them pleasure and amusement, but Columbus had something else planned. He converted the Natives into Christian Spanish speakers through harsh and forceful ways. In his diary, he states, As soon as I reached that sea, I seized by force several Indians on the first island, in order that they might learn from us (Columbus pp.7). Columbus discovers the Americas yet sails throughout the islands in search for gold and other valuable goods that may interest the King and Queen and comes across Cuba, Haiti and other Caribbean islands. His intentions wit h the natives were not good since his arrival to the islands as stated in a letter he wrote, I might induce them to take an interest in seeking out, and collecting, and delivering to us such things as they possessed in abundance, but which we greatly need (Kishlansky pp. 302). His desire was to obtain anything valuable that they possessed in abundance to take back to Spain. After returning to Spain Columbus had plans of taking back a bigger fleet to the Caribbean. He exaggerated reports and documents involving the islands of China he had discovered knowing that he had a profitable future ahead of him. Although he faced hardships and mutiny during the first voyage, Columbus was determined to bring back valuable goods, materials and native slaves. He became greedy and wanted to make a profit off the islands he had discovered which prompted him to launch the second voyage to the Americas. On September 25th, 1493 Columbus sailed back to the Americas with a bigger fleet than the first voyage (Philips pp. 194). Columbuss second voyage back to the Americas was relatively faster than the first but still faced hardships from his crew members because he ordered for small rations until land was sighted and many of the members became ill. Columbus and his crew spotted land on November 4th, 1493 and he came across many new islands which he named Dominica, Virgin Islands, Santa Maria and many more. He returned to Hispaniola where he had left crew members from the first voyage to build a fort, but all were brutally killed by the natives of the island. Diego Alvarez Chanca a witness who sailed with Columbus wrote many letters regarding the voyage and experience. Many of those letters contained brutal and disturbing experiences involving; cannibal Indians, treatment on other conquered Indians, as well as the slaughter of other Indians by the Europeans. A huge amount of the native population was dying of diseases as they were not immune to the diseases the Europeans had brought. Columbus continues to e xplore the newly discovered islands further and left more men behind in a small settlement called La Navidad. He also found nuggets of gold that he would then take to the king and queen. He also tries to raise funds for importing and exporting goods from the Americas by taking a great number of Indians back to Europe to sell them into slavery (Philips pp. 196-202). Not long after the second voyage, Columbus was still determined to look for valuables as well as new land that they could discover further along the already explored islands. The reason Columbus was desperate was because he was growing poor, and his slave trade was condemned by the queen which cost him a lot. On May 30th, 1498 Columbus sets sail to the new world for the third time. Sailing westward Columbus sends three ships to Hispaniola where the settlements his brother Bartholomew had been in charge of were located. Meanwhile Columbus and the rest of the fleet traveled towards the Island of Trinidad and eventually made their way to the Paria Peninsula present day Venezuela. This was Columbus first time landing on South American soil. He briefly explored Venezuela and found natives that showed him the way to find gold and pearls. Columbus in poor health returned to Hispaniola where he encountered chaos and disaster after Indian and European uprisings had occurred. Columbus was unab le to take control of the problem which led to settlers leaving the colony as soon as possible. Columbus had again exaggerated and lied in his reports stating that everything was going well in Hispaniola. However, when Columbus arrived back to Spain, settlers complained about him and his brother, framing them for injustice actions and oppression towards them and the Natives. All these people that stood up against Columbus cost him his royal property as governor, his ships and houses. The royal officer of the King and Queen put Christopher Columbus into custody right after his return (Hale pp. 67-73). During the time Columbus was in custody he wrote letters to the King and Queen stating that he had really found the mainland of Asia and hes the reason for Spains increase in wealth. The King and Queen then responded by ordering him to be released from custody and sent him to court in Granada. They also gave him back some of his property as well as the permission for one last voyage. On May 11th, 1502 Columbus and his fleet of old ships made way towards the new world for one last expedition. Christopher Columbuss last voyage was rough throughout. The fleet had was hit by strong storms and hurricanes, they landed in Panama where they decided to leave settlers behind to build a settlement, but they were all attacked by the natives of the area. Columbus and the crew managed to escape the attacks but lost major numbers of people. When sailing back they were hit by another storm that stranded them, they seeked help from the Natives that admiringly helped them giving them sustenance and sh elter. The whole trip was a disaster for Columbus and the crew. They managed to get to Hispaniola with help from the natives and were able to get back home on November 7, 1504, which marked the end of Christopher Columbus journey. He died on May 20th, 1506 and left behind a legacy that has become controversial in our society today (Philips pp. 230-235) (Hale pp. 81-83). The four voyages led by Christopher Columbus one of the most important marine explorers changed the course of European and later to be American history. His accidental discovery of the Americas brought centuries of marine exploration to Europe and neighboring countries it brought forward the Columbian exchange, friction between colonies and the death of huge populations of Natives. His discovery was overwhelmingly beneficial to Europe but had a negative impact on the natives in the Americas. Written accounts of Columbus himself state, In the name of the Holy Trinity, we can send from here all the slaves and brazil-wood which could be sold . In Castille, Portugal, Aragon and the Canary Islands they need many slaves (Mark and Tink pp. 41). Columbus had no good intentions after the discovery of the Americas which dooms the Natives and their native inhabitants but marked the beginning of New World explorations. Bibliography Columbus, Christopher. The Letter of Columbus On the Discovery of America. Printed by Order of the Trustees of the Lenox Library. New York: [The De Vinne Press], 1892. Hale, Edward Everett. The Life of Christopher Columbus: His Own Letters and Journals. G.L Howe Company, 1891. Kishlansky, Mark A. Sources of World History: Readings for World Civilization. Wadsworth, vol. 1, no. 5, 2012. Philips, William D., and Philips Rahn Carla. The Worlds of Christopher Columbus. Cambridge University Press, 1992. Tinker, George E., and Mark. Freeland. Thief, Slave Trader, Murderer: Christopher Columbus and Caribbean Population Decline. Wicazo Sa Review, vol. 23, no. 1, 2008, pp. 25â€Å"50.

The Psychology of Coaching Systemic Psychodynamic Coaching

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The Design and Product Development

Question: Present and write the design problem of the project. Design problem is important for design and product development. The design problem is the input for writing the design brief. Write the design brief for the product based on the proposed design problem. Answer: Executive Summary Design and Product Development is a key for any product that is meant for potential selling in the market. The project presents the design and product development for the product, remote control boat. The project of design and product development of the remote control boat project is completed by our group, after allocation of the tasks to each of the member. The overall and final result of the DPD remote control project is a detailed design of the remote control boat along with the blueprint of design for development of the product. At the end of the design product and development, the project should have completely created virtually. And after the DPD, only the material development has to be done to see the final project. The remote control boat has to be created with all its design and development aspects. Working alone sure will not give the 5 fold learning that we all the group members have got with the group coordination performing all the tasks of the project and mutual share of knowledge. Coordination among the group to perform the tasks and share the knowledge and learning is an unforgettable and worthy experience that each graduate must get. Design Problems, Design Brief, PDS Design Problems Remote control boat is multi-scale project, in terms of functionality. There are different types of remote control boats, like fun sport, sailboats, racing power boats, racing sailboats, combat and tug boats. The design problem comes first is that which kind of remote control boat has to be made. With the potential of building any kind of robot can be made by the team, the market has to research for the most interesting and most used boat. Another design problem associated with the remote control boat is that the design of the boat has to be made to look attractive. The design should include the effective units and components to make the final product so that the device becomes robust and reliable. The device is to be long lasting with the perfect development of the product. An important challenge for the remote control boat is that the price of the boat has to be moderate, though reliable assembly units and components are used along with the advanced technology for the product. Design Brief Finally, the remote control boat is to be designed in such a way that the device looks very attractive externally. The internal requirement of the design is to make the boat strong with reliable and long lasting operation, by choosing and using reliable component and strong external assembled cover units. Finally, the design of the remote control boat has to be made in such a way that the boat looks attractive, operates long lasting and at the same time, the product should be made available to the customers with moderate cost. Product Design Specification Step 1: Customer needs and interpretations Sno Customer Requirement Feature 1 Product Life Span Long 2 Life in service Reliable and fully operative 3 Target Cost Reachable and worthy for the product 4 Reachability International users 5 Packaging Attractive, features listed, promising statements 6 Size Bigger size for effective boat experience 7 Weight Should not be very heavy 8 User Wide range of users, in terms of age 9 Safety Safe anywhere and anytime and anyhow 10 Materials Safe, healthy Step 2: Interpretation of the needs from customer needs SNO Customer Requirement Feature 1 Product Life Span 10 years, + spare parts for 15 years minimum, + operation for at least 5 years 2 Life in service Every day and rough handling 3 Target Cost Less than or equal to $500 4 Reachability National first and then international 5 Packaging Make it attractive with list of features and colors 6 Size Design it bigger 7 Weight Use light weight components, reliable ones 8 User 5 to 40 year hobbyist 9 Safety Safe in water and non-water surface 10 Materials Healthy Step 3: Prioritization of the needs and metrics SNO Customer Requirement Feature 1 Product Life Span In the market for at least 10 years, available spare parts for 15 years minimum, uncompromised operation for at least 5 years with general way of handling 2 Life in service Withstands use of boat every day, at least for one hour during its life, invariable operation at every usage 3 Target Cost The cost of the product should not be more than $500 for the end user, no more than $250 manufacturing cost, packaging and shipping cost must be no more than 15% of manufacturing cost. 4 Reachability Initially, boat to be available within country and make reachable to international users after 2 years of release of the product. 5 Packaging Packaging of the boat must be attractive, fast eye catching, with the model and all features displayed on the package. 6 Size Bigger size for effective boat experience 7 Weight Should not exceed 1000 grams for easy carrying 8 User User can age from 5 years to 40 year hobbyist 9 Safety The product is to be safe enough for use in water or accidental use on non-water surface. 10 Materials Material used must be waterproof, durable and non-toxic Quality Function Deployment Or Needs-Metrics Matrix METRIX Low Manufacturing Cost Able to Use Another Boat Battery Life Better Pulling Force Retention of same hull Appeal Less assembling time 10+ 5 years Less Weight Big size Material used International Life x Speed x Reliability x Reachability x Price x Thrust x x Size x Ease of use x Weight x Aesthetic x x Safety x Legal x Concept Design, Selection and Evaluation Function Analysis Step 1: Using the mind-mapping techniques to prepare the inputs, outputs and functions. Step 2: Expressing the overall function for the design in terms of the conversion of inputs into outputs. Real income = Real Input Real Output Inputs Processes Output Capital Converted into product Boat Material Manufacturing and assembling Equipment To aid in manufacturing and assembling Labour Efforts Manual processes Supplier Supply the material Knowledge Blueprint Time Processing the time Figure: Functional Diagram Step 3: Breaking down the overall function into a set of essential sub-functions. There are various functions operating in the way that each of the function has its own sub-function, as a single function can be achieved by the combination of the sub-function. Inputs There are various inputs needed for the manufacturing and assembling of the remote control boat. So, the various inputs required for the product are Capital Material for the boat Equipment to assemble the product Facilities for the product development Labour involved in processing the tasks of production Suppliers for the supplying of the raw material Knowledge needed to develop the blueprint of the boat Time invested to complete the product Process The process involves various tasks, where the inputs are transitioned into the outputs. Processes are also influenced by the external environment and internal environment. So, various processed involved to develop the remote control boat are the following. Procurement of the raw material Processing, which includes the manufacturing and assembling to make the final product Assembling the hull and circuitry Packaging with colourful packages Inspection of each of the item for quality assurance Transportation to the warehouse Storage in the warehouse The influence of the environment will there, like for customers, suppliers, competitors, regulations, economy and technology, though these are not done with direct efforts Monitoring and control also do affect the processes indirectly, in terms of quality Step 4: Drawing a functional diagram with logical information flows in which the block diagram shows logically the interactions between sub-functions. Development Morphological Chart And Design Concept Generation Function Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 Option 4 Option 5 Boat Power Racer Boat Sailing Boat Normal Boat Support of the Boat Track Air Cushion Wheels Sliding blades Propulsion Driving Wheels / Blades Moving Cable Air Thrust Power Electric Battery Propane Diesel Transmission Belts Cable Wireless Gears Steering Rails Turning wheels Air thrust Stopping Brakes Ratchet Rev. Thrust Lifting Screw Chain Hyd. Ram Rack /Pini on Operator Needs special operating guidelines No need for special operating guidelines Layman Expert Life 10 Years running Running more than 5 years Running 15 years Speed 20 mph 40 mph 60 mph 80 mph Reliability Own blueprint New blueprint from experts Available blueprint from open source Recruit dedicated personnel State-of-the-art technology blueprint Reachability Local National International Price $200 $300 $500 $1200 $1000 Size Larger hull body Smaller hull body Lengthy hull Not more than 50x20x20 cm Aesthetic Attractive Elegant State-of-the-art Real boat structure Engineering effect Safety No toxic material usage Protected toxic material Competitve Benchmarking And Selection Of Optimal Design After filtering the concept designs multiple times, the final design that is considered for finalization is with the following functions and solutions for the remote control boat. Support of the boat is to be taken from the Wheels. Propulsion is to be performed by the driving wheels or blades Power is to be charged by the AC electric power and supported by the battery power while running for longer operation Transmission of the signals is to be done wireless, using the remote control Steering is to be performed by the turning wheels or blades The boat should be able to stop with the brakes. Lifting the device can be done through the screw The operator needs no special training, except having the ability to use the remote control buttons to control. Life of the boat is expected to be designed with 10 year life span The speed of the boat is chosen to be 60 mph, which has to be achieved by the state-of-the-art technology used for the blueprint The boat is to be made available for the local, national and international users. Price is kept a bit higher, $1000 as the state-of-the-art technology blueprint is used for the design and development of the boat. Size is considered to be Dimension of the boat is considered to be around 50 x 20 x 20 cm. Aesthetic of the body is considered with real boat structure Safety is to be ensured with no toxic material usage Embodiment and Detail The detailed design of the remote control boat is sketched to be as below, with the near structure plan. Product Layouts and Schematic Diagrams Product Architecture The following architecture of the product is expected. Figure: Basic architecture of the boat Configuration And Parametric Design Form And Shape Design The boat is designed to be flat with the key function of running with great speed. The components and apparatus of the boat are configured to make it a fast running power boat to participate in the power boat racing. The important configuration of the boat is the following. The structure looks like deep V Powerful brushless RTR Compact size Great look Brushless water cooled motor for long power and long durability Motor is of 1800KV Design Optimisation and Material Selections The power racer remote control boat is designed with the following apparatus that are integrated to become the overall product architecture. Radio controller with four transmission channels Receivers mounted for the four transmission channels Rod that is mounted to the stern of the boat Reel to be mounted to the rod The powered control here means that the it is used to arranged to engage the rudder, motor and line for cutting means. Design Documentation And Final Pds Virtual And / Or Physicla Prototypes Figure: Final remote control power racer boat design The final design documentation of the power racer remote control boat can be described with the architecture and function of the power racer boat. Initially, the remote controller transmits the signals from the transmitter and then is received by the antenna arranged in the receiver. The receiver is mounted in the hull of the boat. An additional rod is arranged with the fly reel. A red plate is arranged to make it readily visible to the operator, who is in the shore. On the other hand, the rod also can be made with visible color with red. Another controller is used to operate the rudder through the transmission channel. It is used to power and activate the fly reel. Another third transmission channel is used to operate the line cutter. The final transmission channel is used to control the boat speed. Power source of the boat is the AC mains power supply to recharge the battery. In the absence of the mains power, the battery is needed to be used and the power source is to be automatically shifted, when the battery runs out of charging. The battery used is the 12V battery. Battery is needed to power the motor that runs with 12V and also for driving the propeller, which is about 3 inches. The complete charged battery is going to power and run the boat for more than 8 hours of duration for operation on the surface of water. There are four servomotors used in the power racer boat. The basic servomotor is used to drive the boat on the water. Another kind of servomotor is used to operate the line cutter. This servomotor is controlled by one transmission channel. Another servomotor is used for operating the fly reel and this is also controlled by the transmission channel. The last servomotor is used to control the rudder movements, which is again taken the support from the transmission channel. The top of the hull can be covered with either plastic or wood. Alternatively, the cover can be made by either metal or fiber glass. Figure: Remote control for the boat Part IV: Product Safety and Liability: Failure Modes and Effects Analysis Process map - Inputs and outputs of the processes or operating steps. Operating steps of the boat The boat has to be powered on. Boat is to be kept on water surface and wait until it is steady. Take the remote and press the start button. Press the arrow buttons or trackball to change the angle of the movement Press accelerating button to control the speed of the boat. Switch off the system after operation. Critical processes or operating steps. The critical operating steps of the power racer remote control boat are as follows. The entire system must be complete and must be able to operate according to the desired functions for which it is designed for. Battery must be operational in order to initiate the operation of the boat. Motor must be functional so that the boat can start moving. Remote controller must be operative to control the boat. Transmitter in remote controller must transmit the signals to the aerial in the boat. The receiver in the boat has to receive the signal. Switches must be operative in the remote controller. Circuit must be operative. Potential failure Item Function Failure mode Failure cause Battery Power supply Fails to provide power Depleted battery Motor Mechanical event to move Fails to operate Motor opened or shorted Circuit Desired boat movement Partial Operation Circuit breakdown Remote Controller Wireless communication with boat Remote controller not operative Remote controller inoperative System Boat to move in water System is incomplete System is incomplete and inoperative Transmitter Transmit signals to the boat Transmitter inoperative Boat is not in control Receiver Receives signals from remote controller Receiver inoperative Boat is not in control Switches / Buttons in Remote Controller Operation of the remote controller Switch failure No response in the boat Identification of Effects and Causes for Each Failure Modes and FMEA Table Item Function Failure mode Failure cause Severity Occurance / probability Detection Priority Recommended action Responsible person Battery Power supply Fails to provide power Depleted battery 7 6 Boat is not operated 1 Replace battery Service Engineer Motor Mechanical event to move Fails to operate Motor opened or shorted 7 5 Boat does not move 1 Replace battery Service Engineer Circuit Desired boat movement Partial Operation Circuit breakdown 5 5 Boat does not operate in its way 2 Send to service department Service Engineer Remote Controller Wireless communication with boat Remote controller not operative Remote controller inoperative 4 5 No control of the boat 2 Send to service department Service Engineer System Boat to move in water System is incomplete System is incomplete and inoperative 2 8 No operation at all 1 Send back to quality department as defective part Quality Personnel Transmitter Transmit signals to the boat Transmitter inoperative Boat is not in control 5 4 No control of boat 3 Change the transmitter Service engineer Receiver Receives signals from remote controller Receiver inoperative Boat is not in control 5 4 No control of boat 3 Change the receiver in the boat Service Engineer Switches / Buttons in Remote Controller Operation of the remote controller Switch failure No response in the boat 5 7 Cannot control the boat 4 Replace switch or battery Service Engineer Conclusion The Design and Product Development remote control boat project report is initiated with the design problems associated with the boat. The design brief are extracted from the design problems and from there detailed product design specification is listed. Concept is designed from mind mapping, selection of the desired and optimal process is chosen and the evaluation, through function analysis. Based on the requirements, embodiment and detail design of the remote control boat is developed. Finally, after the blueprint is developed and decided, product safety and liability is considered to develop through the failure modes and effects analysis. References Janez Kusar, Lidija Bradesko, Joze Duhovnik Marko Starbek, 2008, Project Management of Product Development, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia. Journal of Mechanical Engineering 54(2008)9, 588-606 Kuar J., Duhovnik J., Grum J., Starbek, M. How to reduce new productdevelopment time. Robot. comput.-integr.manuf. Stamatis D.H. 2001 Advanced Quality Planning, Productivity, Inc, USA Brezovar A. 2005 Process oriented organization of production in virtual enterprises, PhD Thesis, University of Ljubljana Tobias Hanggi, 2009, Design of an Autonomous Sampling Boat for the study of Algae Bloom in Lake Zurich. ETH A. Dhariwal and G.S. Sukhatme. Experiments in robotic boat localization. In IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2007. IROS A. Singh, M.J. Stealey, V. Chen, W.J. Kaiser, M. Batalin, Y. Lam, B. Zhang, A. Dhariwal, C. Oberg, A. Pereira, et al. 2007 Human assisted robotic team campaigns for aquatic monitoring. Journal of Field Robotics FMEA in Reducing Medical Errors, Thomas T. Reiley, MD, MHS 2001, ASQ Healthcare Division Newsletter, Winter, Kunst AE, van Hooijdonk C. EPHOPE: a dynamic simulation model for assessing the Effects on Population Health of Obesity Prevention in Europe. Deliverable 10.1 to theHOPE project. Rotterdam: Erasmus MC, 2010 Fotis K i t s i o s, 2000 Product Design and Development Technical University of Crete H. W. Stoll, Product Design Methods and Practices, Marcel Dekker, 1999 K.T. Ulrich, and S.D. Eppinger, Product Design and Development, McGraw-Hill, 2004 Karin Bergquist, John Abeysekera , Quality Function Deployment- A means of producing sustainable products, Division of Industrial Ergonomics, Luleh University of Technology, S-971 87 Lulea, Sweden, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 18 M. L. Shillito, Advanced QFD Linking Technology to Market and Company Needs, John WileySons, 1995 Vorapot K., Chaiwat L., SCI-BOX Microcontroller in science experiment, Innovative Experiment, 2001 2009 Product Development Design, Research by PMI Montreal Tan, Chong Leng, and Michael Tracey. Collaborative New Product Development Environments: Implications for Supply Chain Management. The Journal of Supply Chain Management Schilling, M.A., and C.W. Hill. Managing the New Product Development Process: Strategic Imperatives. Academy of Management Executive Kono, Toyohiro, and Leonard Lynn. Strategic New Product Development for the Global Economy. Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan, 2007. Rogers, D.S., D.M. Lambert, and A.M. Knemeyer. The Product Development and Commercialization Process. International Journal of Logistics Management Rainey, David L. Product Innovation: Leading Change Through Integrated Product Development. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Petersen, K.J., R.B. Handfield, and G.L. Ragatz. Supplier Integration into New Product Development: Coordinating Product, Process and Supply Chain Design. Journal of Operations Management 23 Nellore, Rajesh. The Impact of Supplier Visions on Product Development. The Journalof Supply Chain Management 37 McGinnis, M.A., and R.M. Vallopra. Purchasing and Supplier Involvement in Process Improvement: A Source of Competitive Advantage. The Journal of Supply Chain Management 35 Lakemond, Nicolette, Christian Berggren, and Arjan vanWeele. Coordinating Supplier Involvement in Product Development Projects: A Differentiated Coordination Typology. R D Management 36 Karol, Robin, and Beebe Nelson. New Product Development for Dummies. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2007 Kahn, Kenneth B., Ed. PDMA Handbook of New Product Development, 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons, 2005. Ettlie, John E., and Paul A. Pavlou. Technology-Based New Product Development Partnerships. Decision Sciences 37 Parker, Delvon B., George A. Zsidisin, and Gary L. Ragatz. Timing and Extent of Supplier Integration in New Product Development: A Contingency Approach. Journal of Supply Chain Management Jan. (2008) Crawford, Merle, and Anthony Di Benedetto. New Products Management, 7th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2003 Tan, Chong Leng, and Michael Tracey. Collaborative New Product Development Environments: Implications for Supply Chain Management. The Journal of Supply Chain Management 43(3)(2007) Hashim Bin Mohammad, 2004 Remote Control Powerboat II, University of Malaysia Sarawak Haugan, Gregory T., The Work Breakdown Structure in Government Contracting, Management Concepts, 2003 Effective Work Breakdown StructuresBy Gregory T. Haugan, Published by Management Concepts, 2001 Practice Standard for Work Breakdown Structures (Second Edition), published by theProject Management Institute,ISBN 1933890134 Project Management Institute.Project Management Institute Practice Standard for Work Breakdown Structures, Second Edition (2006)ISBN 1-933890-13-4 Gregory T. Haugan.Effective Work Breakdown Structures (The Project Management Essential Library Series)ISBN 1-56726-135-3