Eng101 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Eng101 - Essay Example Habits can lay a strong ground towards success or become the major threats of becoming successful. On the road to success, an individual must continuously monitor his or her behaviours. He or she should realize that success requires hardwork, patience, endeavour, and determination. Without these traits, one becomes dormant and failure in life. Every individual who is successful has formed habits that failures dislike and fails to do. The harvest that human beings reap is measured by the habits and attitudes they cultivate. Habits can be the basis for failure or the basis of success. Although everyone wants to succeed, the ability to fail attracts many people because of the habits formed. Success is important in life in that it is the process of getting from one point of maturity to another. It means achieving or attaining goals. Often, one measures success by the accomplishments of dreams and hopes. Winston Churchill believed that success is a journey from a failure to failure withou t losing focus, determination, motivation, and enthusiasm. Success can only be achieved if one is determined to embrace every challenge that comes the way with the right attitude. Successful people are those that have tried many times to fully succeed in the last chance. Bruce Lee quoted that, one should not go for success but success should look for someone. Bruce encourages people to be themselves and express their feeling effectively. Successful people have faith in themselves and go out looking for success. These people believe that success is not the final journey, but the courage and passion to be successful is what that counts. David Brinkley quoted that, a successful person is the one who can build a strong foundation with the stones and bricks thrown at him. The courage to succeed is what differentiates successful people and failures. Successful people are those that take one idea and utilize it to make profit. These people are dreamers and they work hard to accomplish thei r goals in life. Successful people are not discouraged by obstacles or challenges that come their way, rather their faults and failures are what that make them succeed. The difference between a successful person and others is not lack of knowledge or lack of strength, but lack of will. Success demands one to have a strong will to perform the assigned duties. Having a strong will help an individual to excel even when situations or circumstances demands one to quit or fail. Successful people are not moved by emotions rather they are moved by facts about life. In other words, they are moved by things that enhance a better and fulfilling life. In its simplest terms, success is not so much measured by the position that one has reached or acquired in life as by the challenges and obstacles he has overcome. Overcoming many obstacles and challenges is what measures great success. One should not measure a man’s success by how big or high he climbs but how overcomes the challenges and bounces when he reaches the bottom. The formula for success is rising early to work, working hard, and enduring every challenge of life. Life challenges should be the stepping stone to success. The cost or price of success is hard work and having a strong determination that whether one lose or win, there is another room for being better and accomplish the best in life. It is important to note that, success is not measured by what an individual accomplished, rather by

Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption Essay Example for Free

Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption Essay When comparing the novel and the film of Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption by Steven King there are many similarities. The film follows the novel plot very closely in many aspects of the book. The similarities found in the film and novel is character portrayals, key scenes and overall messages. The film accurately captures the essence of the novel. In both the film and the novel, Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption, the characters are portrayed in a very similar manner. The first character that was well represented was Andy Dufresne. I could see why some of the boys took him for snobby. He had a quiet way about him, a walk and a talk that just wasn’t normal around here. He strolled like a man in a park without a care or a worry in the world. Like he had an invisible coat that would shield him from this place. † In both the film and the novel, this was how Andy’s fellow prison mates perceived him as. In addition, Hadley was portrayed as a very harsh and strict man. â€Å"Your only problem is going to be how many bones you still got unbroken. You can count them in infirmary†¦ We’re throwing this sucker over the side. (King, 45) In the film he was also portrayed as the same character with the same characteristics. â€Å"You eat when we say you eat. You shit when we say you shit. And you piss when we say you piss! † Likewise, Sam Norton was a â€Å"biblical man† who was also cold and stern. â€Å"No one had ever seen him crack a smile. He had a thirty year pin from the Baptist Advent Church of Eliot†¦ made sure that each incoming prisoner had a New Testament. † (King, 56) In the film, his characteristics were exactly the same as the book. â€Å"I believe in two things: Discipline and the Bible. † All in all, the characters in the novel and film were portrayed in the same way. Secondly, the main messages in both the film and novel were captured in the same way. The first theme that is apparent in the film and novel is imprisonment and isolation. â€Å"These walls are kind of funny. First you hate ‘em, then you get used to ‘em. Enough time passes, gets you to depend on them. That’s institutionalized. † This was an apparent theme because most of the prisoners in Shawshank became so dependent on the daily structure within the prison that most of them were scared of the outside. â€Å"Twenty days on the grain and drain train for Andy down there in solitary. † King, 67) Solitary was a form of punishment frequently used in both the novel and film. On the other hand, hope was the most prominent message portrayed in the novel and film. â€Å"†¦I hope† (King, 107) hope was found in many various parts of Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption, such as, the hope to be free, hope to survive and so on. â€Å"Hope is a good thing, maybe the best of things, and no good thing ever dies. † Another theme that is very obvious in Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption is crime. Crime is found all throughout the film and novel because the setting takes place in a prison. Tommy Williams came to Shawshank in 1965†¦ Cops caught him sneaking TV sets out the back door of a JC Penney. † Every crime that was committed in the novel and film stuck to the same details and explanation, making both the novel and film very similar. â€Å"I committed murder. I put a large insurance policy on my wife†¦ then I fixed the brakes of the Chevrolet coupe. † (King, 15) Given these points, the director of the movie included all of the same messages and themes that were in the novel. Furthermore, the film was so similar to the novel that most key scenes were word for word. One key scene, being Andy’s murder trial, seemed to be directly taken out of the novel. â€Å"Since I am innocent of this crime, I find it decidedly inconvenient that the gun was never found. † In this scene, the dialect is the same for both the novel and the film, for example, â€Å"It’s neither convenient nor inconvenient. Only the truth. † (King, 24) Equally important, Andy’s escape scene was captured similarly in the film when compared to the novel. â€Å"Geology is the study of pressure and time. That’s all it takes really†¦ pressure†¦ and time†¦That, and a big goddamn poster. Andy spent years on end working away at his escape hole in the novel and the film; Andy knew what it took because of his knowledge in geology. â€Å"Ripped the poster from the wall†¦ and revealed the gaping, crumbled hole in the concrete behind it. † (King, 87) Lastly, when Andy meets tommy, tommy realizes that Andy is innocent and he kn ows who actually committed the murders. This is another scene that plays out the same in both the novel and the film. â€Å"It’s my life. Don’t you understand? IT’S MY LIFE! † in the film Andy begs Warden Norton to understand his situation and pleads that he is innocent. He began refreshing Norton on the details of the crime he had been imprisoned for. Then he told the warden exactly what Tommy Williams had told him. † (King, 64-65) in the novel Andy hopes that Norton will listen to the information he has heard and that Norton will be understanding, but instead Norton shut him down. As shown above, the key scenes in the novel and film have the same details and context. In conclusion, the film Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption by Steven King portrayed the novel in a very similar way. It does so by portraying the characters, key scenes and messages in similar ways in both the novel and film.

Literature in No Drama Essays -- Literary Analysis

By nature, Japanese No drama draw much of their inspiration and influence from the classics. Many are based on episodes from the most popular classics, like Atsumori, based on the Tale of Heike, or Matsukaze, which was actually based on a collage of earlier work. Even within these episodes do we find references to yet more classic works of literature, from the oldest collections of poetry to adopted religious texts. That isn’t to say that No is without its own strokes of creativity—the entire performance is a unique adaptation, and the playwrights had to be both highly educated in the classics, yet geniuses at the creative aspect of weaving song/poetry, dance, religion and literature together into a heart-wrenching spectacle. It might be easier to behold the similarities between no plays than the differences. The basic plot changes little: there is a traveler or monk who encounters a restless ghost or ghosts whose restless souls must be put to rest. The religious implications here are major, and become a central theme of No. In both Atsumori and Matsukaze, the monk chants â€Å"Namu Amida Bu,† for the Pure Land sect of Buddhism, as well as recites verses from the Lotus Sutra. The commentary mentions that â€Å"†¦The monk invokes Amida for the spirits of the dead, although the dead are comforted more often with passes from the Lotus Sutra.† (p.41) Atsumori’s ghost, as character â€Å"youth,† and Rensho, a monk, both quote together: â€Å"If I at last become a Buddha/then all sentient beings who call my Name/in all the worlds, in the ten directions/will find welcome in Me, for I abandon none,† which is from the sutra known as Kammuryojukyo. The chorus expands o n this quote until the end of the scene, the song being the playwright’s own creati... ... have a friend.† (p.40) Matsukaze’s text refers to a great deal more older poetry than Atsumori, perhaps simply because it is more relevant and appropriate in the context of the story: Matsukaze is a love story, and there is a lot present in the classics about love. Another kokinshu poem found in Matsukaze: â€Å"From the pillow/from the foot fo the bed/love comes pursuing,† (p.202) for example. The examples of the samples of poetry, and allusions to other works of literature, are so numerous and some so subtle that they are countless in No drama. No could not exist without the classics that it constantly draws upon. This calls for a highly educated audience to enjoy the play in its entirety. However, for the medieval age, it was new and exciting to see these classics woven together in a stage performance, so gracefully and creatively by the playwrights of old.

Hamlet: Understanding and Duty Essay -- Shakespeare Hamlet Essays

Hamlet: Understanding & Duty      Ã‚   In an effort to determine how Hamlet seeks to understand his world and his duty, we must closely examine several lines from this Shakespearean masterpiece.   While the mystery and significance of Hamlet lies in part from an inability to make definitive statements about Hamlet's motives and understanding, we can get a deeper look into his character from such a dialogue interpretation.      We might say that one of the ways in which Hamlet tries to understand the world is through academic endeavors.   After all, he is a scholar who has recently returned from his studies.   However, upon returning from college, Hamlet finds Denmark to be in a rotten state.   His father is dead, and his mother has married her brother-in-law before the funeral meats are cleared.   Thus, Hamlet begins to understand the world through a depression regarding his mother's seemingly insensitive actions "How weary, flat, unprofitable / Seem to me all the uses of this world" (Shakespeare I.ii.1074).      Hamlet's depression is assuaged by the vision of his father's ghost.   After explaining he was murdered, Hamlet's depression is replaced by pain, anger, and the contemplation of the metaphysical.   When Horatio tells him the vision of his fath... ...l desires second.   He explains this fully to Horatio "If it be now, 'tis not to come; if it be not to come, it will be now; if it be not now, yet it will come: the readiness is all" (Shakespeare V.ii.1110).   Thus, Hamlet tries to understand his world through ration, logic, academic study, contemplation, and metaphysical speculations.   In the end, he appears to believe that whatever one's duties are, those are what one must accept to fulfill one's purpose - despite the limited ability to control destiny or the outcomes of accepting such duties.    WORKS   CITED Shakespeare, W.   The Complete Works.   New York: Gramercy, 1975.

First Generation Students and the Community College Essay

Ethnography EssayMy experience with people outside the school as well as inside the school has earned me the nickname â€Å"experience† amongst most of my friends. As a strong-minded student with a growth outlook, caretaker individuality, and high value in the community, I flourish in relationships with people as well as the experience I have gained in the school. I am constantly trying to be an example of those who are experienced love to those around me. This drive to improve my relationship with the school fraternity, as well as the outside community, has sent me in many different directions through several kinds of school activities and volunteer opportunities. I think I inherited my caretaking boldness from my godmother. My godmother has worked with several students for the past twenty years and finds great joy and purpose in these relationships. Centered on his passion, I am supposing the adult students in this school and others as well will be genuinely invested in thei r friends and community like my godmother. I have also experienced this devotion to caring in the leaders of one of my favorite activities either in the school environment and the home or outside school communities. Activities unique to my college such as the involvement in sports as well as the interactions with other schools and motivations from the school authorities is an opportunity to form relationships among students in our building with special adaptability to the changing life both in school and the outside communities. The long periods of staying outside the school prepare the adult students to deal with different challenges either mental or educational due to their experience with different scenarios or cases. Through actions like playing, word exchanges, and debates, we create bonds with all students outside of our mainstream educational experience. When I first joined school some years ago, I was initially intimidated by the activities of my friends. I felt my usual confidence slip into a â€Å"store mode,† a feeling awkwardness in conversation and uncomfortable with silence. Conversely, after spending more time doing activities with these students, I’ve discovered the ir valuable hearts. Each student is welcoming and outwardly caring towards myself and the school staff, as well as the community, are privileged to have them. The adult students I am aware of in the school are very honest with little to no filter. They speak their minds without thinking twice, allowing for a truly unvarnished relationship. Based on these experiences, I am expecting the all the adult students, to be honest, and welcoming, and for our interactions to become natural with time. Through conversation with some of the adult students, I’ve heard plenty of talk on several ideas as well as what they need for the comfort both inside the school as well as outside the school. I know adaptability and experience in school include both respect to the authorities and an accepted mode of behavior which must go hand in hand with the right morals and friendship. Luckily, I found out my friends, one of the adult students studying in this institution who have demonstrated a sense adaptability to many activities in life inside and outside the school. As eager as I am to understand how the long stay outside the school and the experience to come back to the learning institution feels, I am also curious to see how it impacts their psychological life through their interaction with the several challenges in life as well as their experience with other students. Over the years, the education system in many countries has been modified to suit the learning requirements of people in all age groups. This is due to the increased rate of adults with the increased desire to enhance their knowledge through education. This process has enabled many adults to embark in the search for programs which offer educational opportunities to people who are elder than the required age group which is stipulated to be at different educational levels in the academic system of a given country (Espie, Rod, & Josie, 4). Therefore, to adapt to the learning environments at different levels of education, there is the need for those who are willing to return to school after years to prepare themselves both psychologically and emotionally in order to suit in the system. This will ensure that they develop characteristics and behaviors which enhance their relations with other students in the educational facility and that the system will not compromise their time and beliefs in the process of acquiring the kind of education they desire. Adult students are normally encountered by different challenges due to the beliefs they have as well as the psychological challenges they face as a result of the difference of their age accompanied by the misconceptions accompanied with adult education (Nahas et al, 43). Adults who desire to return to school normally think that they are too old to attend school. This myth discourages most adults with the motivation to acquire knowledge at an advanced age thereby leading to the individuals relent from the idea of returning to school. Other people believe that it is too late for them to acquire education. This discourages many people to return to school thinking that it is too late for them to reap the benefits of the education at an elderly age (Espie, Rod, and Josie, 5). They believe that by the time they are done with acquiring education there will be no opportunities for them. The adult students are also challenged by the way they can strike the balance between the time they are go ing to be in school, work as well as the time to be with their families. Therefore, to ensure that the educational system does not compromise the behavior of the adult students at the school as well as their actives which they undertake out of school, a special program needs to be implemented in order to accommodate all kinds of adult students (Espie, Rod, and Josie, 2). This will ensure that the system increases the self-esteem among the adult students and ensure that they do not feel discouraged in the process. This system should ensure that it entails reasonable goals which are attainable to ensure that the students are motivated all through the curriculum (Nahas et al, 42). The process of attainment of the goals should be easy to follow and understandable. Continuous feedback should be enhanced so as to ensure that the students are continuously guided on how to undertake different activities. This will ensure that the errors made by the students are easily corrected by offering explanations and demonstrations in case of technical activities. The learn ing strategy should involve appropriate evaluation processes which are goal oriented in order to enable the students to evaluate themselves as well as check their progress in the education system (McGrath, 110). Finally, the education system should provide incentives and undertake activities which enhance motivation to the students. This may include activities which are interesting to the students in order to enhance their memory capacity as well as make them enjoy being in the system thus increasing their motivation to continue learning. The  entrance  to  the  school is  only  attained after  navigating through the windy  roads and  numerous â€Å"adult education poster† signs.  The entrance provides a learning enabling environment that is supported by the cooling collection of green trees.  The environment provides a wonderful and a thrilling interest for anyone to feel the need to learn and achieve their goals in life. The compound of the school is surrounded by different photos that give a hint to every visitor that the place is a learning institution. The  walls of the classrooms are  lined  with  motivational posters,  such  as  one  stating with different messages; some indicating happy moments and others providing serious information of learning and praises to the school and the learning system as well. I did not expect a large, bare ground of prairie grasses next to me in an institution slopped down in the center. As I alighted the car, I walked onto freshly flagg ed tar which had clean, white space lines tinted on it. Walking in the direction of the school, I started noticing how quiet the institution grounds could make me feel as I looked at the freshly transplanted prairie grass plan-out swing softly by the influence of the wind. This stunned me, bearing in mind I may not habitually feel that calmness upon arriving in an archetypal institution because of the noise originating from the students playing at bay. Then it happened to me that there were adult students making plays on a huge, exciting playfield alongside the school, although the status of anarchy originating from it was low. I later came to comprehension that calmer than the majority of city schools and was well-funded because of the costly concourse facilities. The first adult student to interview was a gentleman who appeared very happy and composed as he answered various questions from me. He said that it is better for him to be at school at this time than he would have been some years back as a younger student. Further, the student mentioned that he was feeling more confident because it was his personal choice to learn at this time. The fact that learning at an adult age is through volunteering, is crucial in allowing adults strongly involve themselves in the learning process because they need they are highly motivated. The personal decision to attend the learning institution is a major drive for the student to learn as well as feel comfortable in learning different thought-provoking approaches to life. I learned that the fact the adult students have stayed for long days is an advantage for them to use their abilities to learn to link their experience with any new challenge. The student also said that there is a feeling of self-direction which makes the adults students have a good control of their learning. The control and monitory of their progress in learning involve self-assessment as well as the good relationship with the instructors and other students or the outside community. He further said that the students may be reluctant to change due to a feeling that they are mature and experienced. Slower learning was also evident through more intensive than before. Due to many responsibilities that adult students need a good amount of personal life which makes them busy in many hours of their time. The responsibilities and interactions with different communities as well as individuals allow the adult students to adapt to life in the learning institutions and elsewhere. It had been some minutes as I stood at a window of a class observing how Susan was interacting with the other young students during as they were being taught. Everyone seemed cool to see her busy listening to the tutor as the lesson went by. Everybody seemed busy in the class all trying their best to understand the concept being taught by the teacher. From time to time, the teacher would ask the students randomly and answers were provided and the teacher would continue with the teaching. When it came to the turn for Susan to answer the given question was asked by the tutor, the other students would look at her and listen keenly if she would make any errors in the process of providing an answer to the question asked. When she made an error in answering the question, the other students would laugh at her. The teacher would then maintain order to the class and then elaborate the solution to the problem asked and ensure that Susan has understood the concept in question then proceed to th e next concept. During break time I met with Susan to understand how she feels in the learning environment where she was different from the majority of her colleagues. â€Å"It is fun to be around this place†, she answered with a smile on her face. â€Å"I feel great when I undergo different challenges in the process of learning. It makes me feel proud because it is a great opportunity for someone like me to acquire the knowledge required to survive in this in this environment with a lot of learned people.† Happiness could be seen on her face. She seemed adapted to the environment and she was determined to learn at all costs no matter the challenges involved in the process. On the question of how she viewed the teaching system in the institution, she was satisfied with the procedure. â€Å"The teachers are cool, they treat all the students equally and are keen to ensure that everyone has understood the concept taught†, Susan stated. The environment was cool to her and she was no t bothered by the way other students viewed her. I was greatly concerned about how Susan was able to balance her time concerning her daily routines as well as her income-generating activities. I was eager to know how she was able to maintain her tight schedule during the day. â€Å"It requires a lot of dedication to achieve a given goal†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ she claimed, † I normally plan all the activities that I am doing the following day in advance to ensure that no activity will collide with another.† She added that she undertakes part-time jobs which she undertakes after school so as to support herself financially. Susan claimed that the support she gets from her family and friends is what keeps her moving. The determination she had in acquiring the knowledge enabled her to focus on the learning process. â€Å"I made up my mind long before I decided to come back to school, I believe it is through education that I will be able to improve my living standards†, she concluded as I eagerly listened to why she was so det ermined to learn. I was excited by the way Susan was able to merge her family life, work as well as find time to undertake her education program which was somehow demanding. This enabled me to understand the different challenges faced by adult students and how they managed to push through such a challenging environment in the search for knowledge and skills. Although  some  people  may  view  adult students as an inefficient and a struggling way to learn, the adult students have a good chance to learn and achieve several objectives due to the facts that they are highly motivated. The adult students have  taught  me  the  need of having  motivation, teamwork, compassion,  slowing  down,  and  being  intentional  in relationships. The adult students have a high chance of succeeding and engaging in learning more than normal students because of their duty and responsibility to spread kindness and knowledge through  their  own  lives  and  the  lives  of  those  around  them.  As  the  adult students have treated me,  their actions are indicative of their good behavior and evidence of success in their education and adaptability as well as experience in life. After spending some time in studying the adult students sub-culture, I have learned that I have some similarities with some of the practices in that culture such as the ability to access oneself and plan for one progress. I always have a means of evaluating my progress towards the achievement of my objectives and take responsibility for ensuring I perform everything to my great potential. There are high collaboration and team among the adult students due to their need to succeed I life. As times goes many people will realize the need for the adult education and feel proud to join it. Works Cited Espie, Rod, and Josie Viola. â€Å"A Place for Political Literacy in Adult Education.† ARIS Resources Bulletin 10.3 (1999): 1-4. McGrath, Valerie. â€Å"Reviewing the Evidence on How Adult Students Learn: An Examination of Knowles’ Model of Andragogy.† Adult Learner: The Irish Journal of Adult and Community Education 99 (2009): 110. Nahas, Markus V., Bernie Goldfine, and Mitchell A. Collins. â€Å"Determinants of physical activity in adolescents and young adults: The basis of high school and college physical education to promote active lifestyles.† Physical Educator 60.1 (2003): 42.

Ecology Lab Report Essay Example

Ecology Lab Report Essay Example Ecology Lab Report Paper Ecology Lab Report Paper For example, reservoirs associated with run-of-the- river dams typically have small hydraulic head, limited storage area and short retention times and are less likely to be susceptible to conditions that can lead o transportation or promote excessive algal growth. In contrast, reservoirs associated with larger dams, such as storage or hydroelectric dams, are more likely to have longer retention times, providing a greater potential for incoming nutrients to stimulate increased algal production. Increased algal biomass can potentially deplete dissolved oxygen levels within the reservoir through bacterial decomposition and photosynthetic respiration. A study by Dry. Payne examined the relationship between reservoir water retention times and phytoplankton algae production in the summer. Dry. Payne, along with Auburn University professor Dry. Mike Machine, assessed the potential water quality effects on Weiss Lake of the draft Cooks River water-sharing agreement between Alabama and Georgia. Their study showed that reservoirs with typically short retention times, such as reservoirs on the Cooks River, are more susceptible to hyperthyroid effects and higher chlorophyll a concentrations when retention times are increased even moderately. Historical data shows that higher chlorophyll a concentrations in Weiss Lake have consistently corresponded to longer retention times. Hydrological models in their study indicated that longer retention times in the reservoir would likely increase phytoplankton algae production and algal biomass accumulation, assuming that other factors remain unchanged. This result is particularly evident during drought periods, such as occurred in 2000 and in 2006. In addition, the nutrient criteria were developed to reflect downstream transport of nutrients and the processes by which nutrient uptake occurs in streams. Nutrient concentrations generally tend to decrease as they move downstream. This attenuation occurs as nutrients are absorbed by microorganisms and plants (biotic uptake) or as they adsorb onto sediment particles (biotic uptake) and settle out of the water column.

Chronic Crisis Management in Malaysia Revisited Essays - Free Essays

Chronic Crisis Management in Malaysia Revisited Essays - Free Essays Chronic Crisis Management in Malaysia Revisited Introduction For the first time, Fontaine (2012) raised the issue of chronic crisis management in Malaysia. His initial study was inspired by an article in the Harvard Business Review by Bohn (2000) called "Stop Fighting Fires." Th e term "fighting fires" refers to a problem in many organisation where the corporate culture involves hiding problems rather than solving them. Although these problems temporarily "disappear" from top management's radar screen, it often resurfaces months later. Since 2012, the business environment has arguably become more complex and more unpredictable. This study, using the same instrument, aims to survey Malaysian managers in 2016 to make a comparison with the results collected in 2011 and published in 2012. The First Study The first study was based on an instrument developed by Fontaine (2012). Most of the text of Fontaine (2012) explored the constructs that made up the core of the instrument. Apart from the initial study by Bohn (2000), other studies that influenced the design of the instrument include constructs borrowed from Goldratt and Cox (1984) ("local measures of performances versus systemic measures of performance"), Perlow and Williams (2003) ("silence due to time constraint ") , Lapre and Van Wassenhove (2002) ("low conceptual learning and low operational learning") among others. Summarising the vast literature on this subject, Bohn (2000, p.84) explains that in successful organisations, " they don't tackle a problem unless they are committed to finding its root cause and finding a valid solution. They perform triage. They set realistic deadlines. Perhaps more im portant, they don't reward fire- fighting ." By contrast, unsuccessful organisati ons, top management talks about problem-solving but rewards hiding problems. Subordinates know that and act accordingly. To appreciate the significance of Bohn (2002), one has to read the account of the trials and tribulati ons at Ford Motor Company. Hoffman (2012) explains how internal fire-fighting led Ford to the edge of bankruptcy in 2006. It was the timely appointment of Alan Mulally as chief executive officer (2006 to 2014) that saved the company. He instantly killed the culture of hiding problems by rewarding executives that highlighted problems to his attention. Within a few weeks, senior leaders at Ford knew that it was more pleasing to the CEO to solve problems rather than hide them , so that is what they did. The initial survey included the answers of 150 respondents. Table 1 shows that fire-fighting (i.e. chronic crisis management) is the norm in Malaysian organisations. By and large, the fact that individuals were assessed for doing their job rather than solving systemic problems was the main contributing factors. This survey was really just an initial enquiry into the problems that plagues organisations worldwide (according to the literature) and Malaysia in particular (according to the survey). Obvious limitations to this study was the relatively low number of respondents and the lack of follow-up studies. Table 1 : Results of the first survey Question Average Standard Deviation 1 Fire- fighting in my organisation is normal 4.13 1.06 2 In my organisation, we are assessed on local measures of performance 4.08 1.22 3 To do my work, I depend on other people to do their part 3.74 1.44 4 In my organisation, the responsibility for change is given to teams, not individuals 3.72 1.39 5 Some of the policies in my organisation make it difficult for people to be effective 3.69 1.28 6 Many teams in my organisation do not function as smoothly as they should 3.38 1.31 7 My organisation only allows top down change 3.36 1.39 8 Most people in my organisation resist change 3.22 1.36 9 People in my organisation are expected to stay silent 2.97 1.42 10 In my organisation, many people don't know what their goal is 2.89 1.48 11 If I use my initiative to start bottom up change, I will be punished by others 2.74 1.31 12 In my organisation, there is not enough time to think about doing things properly 2.76 1.39 Source: Fontaine (2012) New Theoretical Developments Since 2012, there are new developments in the literature that are worth highlighting. First, the rise of complexity. Second, the rise of big data. Third, the problem of riba . The

5 Benefits Better than a Salary Bump

5 Benefits Better than a Salary Bump Negotiating your compensation for a new position? Salary might not be the most important factor in your wheelings and dealings, particularly if you’re leaving a position or company with a solid benefit package. Consider the following five benefits that can often be worth more than a few thousand dollars difference in pay, and learn which questions are most worth asking. 1. 401k MatchingThe pension is all but a dinosaur in today’s workforce. The 401k matching program is a popular consolation from companies wishing to contribute to their employees’ retirement. Weigh the matching figures and do the math against your past and future salaries. The difference between a 50% and 100% matching program can make an enormous difference over the course of your career, even if your contribution is small.2. Cadillac InsuranceMedical costs are through the roof, and insurance companies are paying for less and less. Will your new employer contribute to a Health Savings Account? Do they offer disability coverage? Or extra maternity leave? A lower premium? Anticipating your out-of-pocket health costs can come in handy and save hundreds of dollars in health care if you factor them into salary negotiations.3. Wellness ProgramsDoes your new company offer to subsidize a gym membership? Financial incentives for flu shots or achieving fitness goals? A smoking cessation program? Or even a nutritional consultant? These are all added perks that you might have otherwise spent a good portion of your salary acquiring for yourself.4. Continuing Education PerksYour hard work and perseverance got you here. But what’s next? You want to keep growing and reaching for the next rung on the ladder. Why not get your employer to foot the bill? Does your new company offer undergraduate or graduate educational assistance? Additional training programs? Access to extra resources? These are the kinds of benefits that, when taken advantage of, can really vault you to the next level - and the next salary grade.5. Commuter AidWe spend a lot of time and money getting to work, between public transportation, gas, mileage, and maintenance. Factor the convenience level of your new commute into your view of your compensation. Does your new employer offer a pre-tax public-transit pass? Or is your commute just plain shorter? Less of a hassle? Sometimes you can’t put a price tag on quality of life.To factor these perks into your negotiations, do your homework. Find out what benefits are standard within your industry, know what to ask for, and be bold enough to put it on the table. It could make the difference when the salary bump is not enough.

Two short answers Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Two short answers - Assignment Example in 2421 according to place values where digit ‘1’ is in ones place whereas the ‘2’ beside it falls in the tens place the next ‘4’ and ‘2’ toward the left are each in hundreds and thousands places, respectively. Then to come up with a scientific notation, the child must note first that the decimal point in that order lies at the right side of the digit bearing the ones place and he or she should move it as many times as until the point reaches the spot between the two leftmost digits which, in this case, are 2 and 4. Consequently, that should make 2.421 then the child must be instructed that the number of times the decimal point is moved would be power of ten that goes with 2.421. Since the point has been moved three times from right to left as indicated, therefore the scientific notation of 2421 ought to be 2.421 x 103 (Banfill). One point would be for the clients to keep track of the list of medications provided by the physician, noting that the more prescribed medicines or drugs taken, the more likely that food and drug interactions would occur. Besides this and the risk factors that include age, gender, medical history, and body composition, a client must understand how drugs alone are acquired by the human body. Second point is to bear in mind that, like food, drug is broken down into useful form through dissolution in the stomach and travels via the bloodstream upon absorption into sites where it needs to operate and perform its repairing action once it has obtained body response or signals. The most important point to consider is the knowledge of the stages in which food may potentially interfere with drug work such as during the process of substance absorption so that when this happens, drug tends to function less effectively. Equivalently, food may also affect the efficiency of drug when food nutrien ts and chemicals react to the drug first yielding new products that may work differently compared to the original components of the medical

Tort Law Master Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

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Week 2 discussion and participation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Week 2 discussion and participation - Essay Example The author of the article claims that the basic principle is focus. A great example illustrated in the article regarding focus was the case of Dell Corporation. Dell was able to penetrate the computer marketplace and increase its market share by focusing on the direct sales marketplace. The acronym developed the authors of the article was very practical. FOCVS is the acronym created in the article. The FOCVS system can be used by marketers to implement marketing strategies. F stands for first. It is common marketing knowledge that the first company that penetrates a marketplace will built a competitive advantage over the competition. O stands for do the opposite. Marketers can differentiate themselves by doing the opposite of the competition. C stands for category dominance. When marketers concentrate on one category of products they can build greater organizational knowledge which helps innovate within its category. V stand for visualizing the market. The use of a great image for a product can enable marketers to captivate the minds of its clientele. The last letter stands for second brands. More brands give marketers more options. The carnival cruise line presentation provided a lot of valuable knowledge for marketing students. Customer centricity allows companies to achieve a better relationship between the company and the clients. The use of segmentation is a great way for marketers to identify the customer attributes that can add value to a firm. For example if the demographics of a country are that 60% of populations are women companies should develop more consumer products for females. The marketing metrics calculated by the marketing department must be used as tools to implement marketing tactics. The performance of the marketing department is greater when strategies can be implemented faster. Segmentation is a marketing strategy that can provide a lot value to the customers. Segmentation can be used by

Explain how the MIS ( Management Information System) function area can Essay

Explain how the MIS ( Management Information System) function area can leverage , information, data and knowledge in terms of competitive advantage - Essay Example The system itself can be designed in such a way that it can control the information of the business so as to provide it with a competitive advantage. The system can be used differently and this essay would revolve around the particulars of this system as to how it can help the businesses flourish in a competitive world. Management Information System is defined as a set of technologies which include hardware and software along with human elements so that the decision making process of the respective business can be made easier (Bidgoli, 2010). This clearly tells us that the system is a way through which the businesses can integrate information and present accordingly to the relevant individuals. The system is designed to simplify decisions and carry out processes through which the decisions are made quickly and efficiently. In general the firms are given competition in the industry through different means. Porters Five Forces allow to understand these competitive forces as they tend to exist in the industries accordingly. These five forces revolve around products, bargaining power of customers and suppliers and the threat of new entrants. Management Information System takes a leap on these five forces to ease it on the business who will use the system in an efficient manner (Laudon & Laudon 2013). MIS should always be aligned with the objectives of the business so that it can be used efficiently to break down the threats of the competitive forces. Information Technology should always be constructed in a way so that the profitability of the company is increased with every step that the business takes. Information technology works by the methods of numbers and the business should always identify its goals and strategies with the help of the system. The progress of the businesses can be monitored with the help of information technology and this in turn would help the stakeholders decide in accordance to the

Data mining Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Data mining - Essay Example access to phone calls, emails, web searches, bank accounts, financial activity, medical records and school records (Garson, 2006; Berson, Smith, & Thearling, 2000). This paper presents an analysis of data mining practices that are used by the government in order to secure or uncover people’s data. Data mining has many advantages in different fields. As massive data based on the information of thousands of individuals, is analyzed, this gives useful knowledge that can help in many ways. Data mining helps in saving time of the experts to make assessments on their own. Today, tools like the Microsoft SQL Server, Rapid Miner, Rapid Analytics and many other programs has made data mining accessible to everyday business users (Koutonin & Remarque, 2014). The most important use of data mining is in the marketing and retail business. Data of consumers is analyzed to build models which predict the trend of choice of the consumers in the market. This trend can also help in launching a new product according to the demands and likes of the buyers. Data mining is a useful tool in giving financial information to banks about the illegal activities performed by some clients. It helps in tracking the fraudulent card transactions to protect the clients. Data mining has been employed in health care centers to analyze different aspects of health of the people. It helps in deducing results according to the demographics and its use has shown improvement in the medical care of the patients. Operational engineering data can detect fault equipment with the help of data mining and determine parameters that can help in controlling such activity (Rajaraman & Ullman, 2011). Data mining tools are interactive, understandable and work directly on the data to present results. But, there are many disadvantages that have surfaced with the use of this technology tool. The most widely spread criticism is the breach of privacy of individuals. Tools of data mining are not only used by the

Explain how the MIS ( Management Information System) function area can Essay

Explain how the MIS ( Management Information System) function area can leverage , information, data and knowledge in terms of competitive advantage - Essay Example The system itself can be designed in such a way that it can control the information of the business so as to provide it with a competitive advantage. The system can be used differently and this essay would revolve around the particulars of this system as to how it can help the businesses flourish in a competitive world. Management Information System is defined as a set of technologies which include hardware and software along with human elements so that the decision making process of the respective business can be made easier (Bidgoli, 2010). This clearly tells us that the system is a way through which the businesses can integrate information and present accordingly to the relevant individuals. The system is designed to simplify decisions and carry out processes through which the decisions are made quickly and efficiently. In general the firms are given competition in the industry through different means. Porters Five Forces allow to understand these competitive forces as they tend to exist in the industries accordingly. These five forces revolve around products, bargaining power of customers and suppliers and the threat of new entrants. Management Information System takes a leap on these five forces to ease it on the business who will use the system in an efficient manner (Laudon & Laudon 2013). MIS should always be aligned with the objectives of the business so that it can be used efficiently to break down the threats of the competitive forces. Information Technology should always be constructed in a way so that the profitability of the company is increased with every step that the business takes. Information technology works by the methods of numbers and the business should always identify its goals and strategies with the help of the system. The progress of the businesses can be monitored with the help of information technology and this in turn would help the stakeholders decide in accordance to the

Management, Work and Society People,Management and Business Essay

Management, Work and Society People,Management and Business - Essay Example However, the general trend today, particularly in the UK, is the increasing participation of women in the labour force and their increasing importance in organisations (Bonney 2007). The growing participation of women in the labour market has called forth the connection between the domestic domain and paid employment. There has been growing attention on the work-life balance, according to Charles and Harris (2007), specifically, in making sure that the requirements of paid employment do not negatively affect family life and domestic responsibility, and vice versa. The objective of this essay is to discuss gendered employment in the UK. The discussion will include essential components such as proportion work, horizontal segregation, vertical segregation, Equal Pay, arguments for and against a gendered policy in the UK, etc. This essay will be founded on the assumption that â€Å"management and managing are characteristically gendered in many respects† (Broadbridge & Hearn 2008) . ... The projected segmentation of new batches of members and well-publicised commentaries will contribute to the preservation of the profile (Vosko, MacDonald & Campbell 2009). Majority of organisations in the UK have preferred female managers as their ‘indicator’ jobs to evaluate the influences of their behaviours and to assess progress towards the objectives they have formed (Geyer, Mackintosh & Lehmann 2005). Several member organisations have made use of the programme to refocus or re-introduce their tasks regarding the development of women. Others have made use of it to initiate such processes (Geyer et al. 2005). In all of them, the programme’s focus on involvement of the board, line managers, and HRM managers has implied that women’s welfare is being taken into account, usually for the first time at the utmost degree (Lewis 2009). Almost every member of Opportunity 2000, consisting of those who are condensing personnel, can generate proof of enhanced adap tability, improved accessibility of training and development, and evaluation if not concrete provision of assistance with various types of care (Lewis 2009). Evidence from earlier studies showed that women in the UK had less commitment to work compared to men even in the 1980s (Perrons, Fagan, McDowell, Ray & Ward 2006). Nevertheless, by the 1990s, a significant transformation had occurred in women’s dedication to employment (Crompton et al. 2007). Furthermore, women are spending longer hours at work, even though men are working longer hours than them. Even though the working hours of men have actually dropped to some extent, this has been compensated by an increase in women’s working hours, and as more women enter the

Workplace Bullying Essay Example for Free

Workplace Bullying Essay Introduction Thesis Research on workplace bullying began in the late 1980s. The field has since evolved, including articles, blogs, and books on the subject. According to the 2014 WBI US Workplace Bullying Survey, 27% of Americans have been targets of workplace bullying; an additional 21% have been witness to the bullying; and a total of 72% are aware that workplace bullying occurs. (WBI the Workplace Bullying Institute, 2014) As of the writing of this paper,  there is no state or federal law yet enacted to compel American employers to address abusive conduct that occurs outside the limited definitions of illegal discriminatory actions. This paper will define bullying, consider the profile and characteristics of a typical bully, consider research on the topic and attempt to understand why bullying is allowed to continue in the workplace. 1 What is bullying According to Susan Futterman, in her book When You Work for a Bully: Assessing Your Options and Taking Action, readers are encouraged to, â€Å"take a step back to make sure you’re distinguishing between genuine feedback, even feedback undiplomatically presented, and bullying.† (Futterman Paroutaud, 2004) Futterman helps to differentiate between poor management skills and bullying by describing bullying as: Persistent Provides feedback which is not useful and focuses on trivial issues Based on false or distorted allegations  Relates to unrealistic or unreasonable targets that are set arbitrarily Is not accompanied by constructive efforts to resolve issues Another definition comes from Workplace Bullying Institute, describes workplace bullying as â€Å"repeated, health-harming mistreatment of one or more persons (the targets) by one or more perpetrators.† It further states that the abusive conduct is â€Å"threatening, humiliating, or intimidating†; involves work interference through sabotage which prevents work from getting done; and/or verbal abuse. (WBI the Workplace Bullying Institute, 2014) Figure 1.1 represents the range of negative behaviors that occur in the workplace. According to The Bully-Free Workplace: Stop Jerks, Weasels, and Snakes From Killing Your Organization, bullying, in its mildest form falls to the right of disrespect and when it is severe can lead to despair and even suicide. (Namie, The Bully-Free Workplace: Stop Jerks, Weasels, and Snakes From Killing Your Organization, 2011) Figure 1.1 The Continuum of Negative Interpersonal Behavior (Namie, The Bully-Free Workplace: Stop Jerks, Weasels, and Snakes From Killing Your Organization, 2011) 2 Why people should care about the topic  In his book, WORKPLACE BULLYING: ESCALATED INCIVILITY, Gary Namie, PhD notes that companies should be concerned about bullying, if for no other reason than its potential to damage the bottom line. â€Å"Employers are frustrated with turnover and disruption caused by bullies. It often costs a company tens of thousands of dollars to recruit, hire and train a new employee to replace a bullied worker who left. (Namie, WORKPLACE BULLYING: ESCALATED INCIVILITY, 2003) This assertion is backed up by Tim Field, a noted British anti-bullying activist with his main focus relating to workplace bullying, â€Å"Most cases of workplace bullying involve a serial bully, to whom all the dysfunction can be traced. A person who is being bullied may already know, or come to realise that they have a string of predecessors who have either: left unexpectedly or in suspicious circumstances; have gone on long term sick leave with some sort of psychological problem, and never returned; taken unexpected early or ill-health retirement,   have been involved in a grievance or disciplinary or legal action; have had stress breakdowns;  have been over-zealously disciplined for some trivial or non-existent reason.† (Field) 3 – Who are the bullies and who are the targets? (Profiles) Bullies  According to the 2014 WBI U.S. Workplace Bullying Survey: February 2014, although bullies were less likely to be women than men (31% vs. 69%), women bullies were more likely (68% of the cases) to bully other women rather than men. In the Workplace Bullying Surveys, the percentages were similarly disproportionately high for women bullies. The Workplace Bullying Survey question asked respondents to identify the gender of the bullies and targets in situations with which they were familiar. (Namie, Christensen, Phillips, 2014 WBI U.S. Workplace Bullying Survey, 2014) Figure 3.1 – Bullies by Gender (Namie, Christensen, Phillips, 2014 WBI U.S. Workplace Bullying Survey, 2014) In his article, Introduction of the Serial Bully, Tim Field asserts that bullies share characteristics, including: â€Å"Plausible Charisma, Charm and Empathy Most workplace harassment and mistreatment (80%) is completely legal. Remarkably, a hostile work environment is actionable (illegal) only in very few situations. Bullying is not only tolerated in business, it is often seen as necessary. Lawmakers are reluctant to pass laws that reign in unfettered workplace violence resulting in psychological injury. (WBI the Workplace Bullying Institute, 2014) Employers react to laws with internal policies. According to the WBI Healthy Workplace Bill, the value of an anti-bullying law is to get employers to prevent bullying with policies and procedures that apply to all employees. The WBI Healthy Workplace Bill, crafted by law professor David Yamada for the Healthy Workplace Campaign, provides incentives for employers to address workplace bullying by avoiding expensive litigation. (Hyman, 2014) Employers Dont Know How to Stop Bullies Respondents of the Workplace Bullying Survey were clear that employers fail to appropriately react to abusive conduct much more frequently than they take positive steps to eliminate bullying. Denial and discounting were the most common reactions by employers. (Namie, Christensen, Phillips, 2014 WBI U.S. Workplace Bullying Survey, 2014) Figure 6.1: Employers Reaction to Bullying (Namie, Christensen, Phillips, 2014 WBI U.S. Workplace Bullying Survey, 2014) Bullying Is Underreported According to the 2014 Workplace Bullying Survey, forty percent (40%) of targets never tell their employers that they are being bullied. (Namie, Christensen, Phillips, 2014 WBI U.S. Workplace Bullying Survey, 2014) Bullying can also be erroneously branded as conflict or a mere difference in personality styles. Although both are statements are true, bullying is also a form of violence, which puts it into a different category. Overly simplistic labels can minimize the impact of bullying on both the targets and the organization. (WBI the Workplace Bullying Institute, 2014) 7 – Recommended Actions – Targets and Employers Targets Employees who are or have been victims of workplace bullying should realize that it is not their fault that they are being bullied. If they are suffering negative effects from the bullying they should seek help from a doctor or counselor and, if the bullying is ongoing, from a career advisor who can help them plan a job or career change. (Workplace Bullying, 2014) Until there are formal policies or laws in place, as is indicated in Figure 6.1, it could be difficult to challenge the bullying, depending on the corporate culture and the position and influence of the bully. Employers Because workplace bullying can be devastating to employees and companies, some companies have instituted zero-tolerance policies toward workplace bullying. In these companies, if an employee is being bullied he or she needs to document the bullying and present the problem to the proper person in the company, usually someone in human resources or upper management. Companies with good anti-bullying policies usually hold meetings from time to time to remind employees what workplace bullying is, how to report it, and the consequences for bullying. (Einarsen, Hoel, Zapf, Cary, 2011) There are some companies that encourage a company culture of workplace bullying. Usually companies do not purposefully support bullying, but they may develop a problem with it either through not taking workplace bullying seriously or by developing the habit of placing blame and fault finding instead of solving problems. In these companies, employees who make a case against bullies may find that the bullying only gets worse. In this situation, employees often have to either make the best of the situation or find different employment. (Einarsen, Hoel, Zapf, Cary, 2011) 8 Summary Although there is still no law against workplace bullying, there are ethical and bottom-line reasons to encourage employers to proactively search out and end workplace bullying including increased productivity, and morale of the targets and those effected as witnesses. With the growing number of people being targeted and the trends to address the issue, it seems to be only a matter of time until laws against workplace bullying are enacted. Once  employers start to enact formal policies and procedures condemning workplace bullying, then bullies will know the consequences of their actions and some may stop; and targets should have an incentive to report instances of bullying. Human resource departments will then have formal policies and processes to deal with the reported bullying cases. References WBI the Workplace Bullying Institute. (2014, May 15). Retrieved from Workplace Bullying Institute: http://www.workplacebullying.org/wbiresearch/ Workplace Bullying. (2014, May 19). Retrieved from Bullying Statistics: http://www.bullyingstatistics.org/content/workplace-bullying.html Einarsen, S., Hoel, H., Zapf, D., Cary, C. (2011). Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace: Developments in Theory, Research, and Practice. Boca Raton: Taylor and Francis Group, LLC. Field, T. (n.d.). Introduction to the Serial Bully. Retrieved from Bullyonline.com: http://bullyonline.org/workbully/serial_introduction.htm Futterman, S., Paroutaud, F. (2004). WHEN YOU WORK FOR A BULLY: Assessing Your Options and Taking Action. Montvale: Croce Publishing Group, LLC. Grasz, J. (2012, August 12). CareerBuilder Study Finds More Workers Feeling Bullied in the Workplace. Retrieved from Career Builder: http://www.careerbuilder.com/share/aboutus/pressreleasesdetail.aspx?sd=8%2F29%2F2012id=pr713ed=12%2F31%2F2012 Hyman, J. (2014, April 3). If You Don’t Want Anti-Bullying Legislation, Give Me a ‘Hell Yeah!’. Retrieved from Workforce: http://www.workforce.com/blogs/3-the-practical-employer/post/20377-if-you-dont-want-anti-bullying-legislation-give-me-a-hell-yeah Klein, K. E. (2008, May 7). Employers Cant Ignore Workplace Bullies. Retrieved from Business Week: http://www.businessweek.com/smallbiz/content/may2008/sb2008057_530667.htm Namie, G. (2003, November / December). WORKPLACE BULLYING: ESCALATED INCIVILITY. Retrieved from Ivey Business Journal: http://iveybusinessjournal.com/topics/the-workplace/workplace-bullying-escalated-incivility Namie, G. (2011). The Bully-Free Workplace: Stop Jerks, Weasels, and Snakes From Killing Your Organization. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons, Inc. Namie, G., Christensen, D., Phillips, D. (2014). 2014 WBI U.S. Workplace Bullying Survey. Workplace Bullying Institute.

Benzodiazepines For Therapy The Benefits And The Dangers Biology Essay

Benzodiazepines For Therapy The Benefits And The Dangers Biology Essay The benzodiazepine family of drugs is a complex group of substances that have garnered controversy and attention from the media since they broke onto the medical scene in 1957 (Center for Substance Abuse Research, 2005). As with other drugs, more and more people began to use benzodiazepines and negative side effects such as addiction and withdrawal eventually were revealed. (Ashton, 2005, p. 249). Benzodiazepines, however, should not be looked at with a negative connotation. They are relevant and useful medically when used and prescribed responsibly and dependence does not occur (Center for Substance Abuse Research, 2005). Benzodiazepines have both positive and negative aspects that must be examined to form a fair opinion about the drug, its uses and effects. So, what exactly is a benzodiazepine? They are defined by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) (2008) as: Any of a class of drug used as antianxiety agents, muscle relaxants, sedatives, hypnotics, and sometimes as anticonvulsants. Under the Controlled Substance Act they are classified as a Schedule IV drug (Benzodiazepines). When someone takes a medication that is a benzodiazepine, they may encounter symptoms such as slurred speech, confusion, feelings of fatigue, and gastrointestinal upset. There are many varieties of benzodiazepines used and prescribed today. These include more popularly known medicines such as Xanax, Valium, and Rohypnol. These substances work as depressants in the body, accounting for their sedative effects (Center for Substance Abuse Research, 2005). When talking about benzodiazepines, it is important to know that no two benzodiazepines are created equally. They are prescribed for different reasons that will be addressed later and present a variety of withdrawal symptoms when dependence occurs. They can be taken in a pill form, shot into the blood stream using a needle, and some can even be taken sublingually. Finally, benzodiazepines are split into two groups: those that are short-acting and those that are long-acting. The latter will linger for much longer in the body (Center for Substance Abuse Research, 2005). The first benzodiazepine was created in a laboratory by scientist Leo Sternback. It was not until nearly thirty years later in the 1950s, that benzodiazepines were marketed for medical use as an anti-anxiety medication (Center for Substance Abuse Research, 2005). Research of the drug created new medications for new uses which grew until the 1970s. By then, benzodiazepines topped every other group of drugs in the world, in the times that it was prescribed. Even though prescriptions have trailed off since then, over-prescription is still seen as troubling to many (Ashton, 2005, p. 249). Benzodiazepines pose benefits for a variety of ailments and disorders. First, they are useful hypnotics for individuals who suffer from insomnia. Like with nearly all cases of benzodiazepine prescription, they should only be taken for a small period of time, with one month being the longest. Benzodiazepines can help with anxiety as well. It should be carefully considered by the doctor that the patient has severe anxiety that is disrupting their life. Again, this should be for the short period of time because benzodiazepines can be highly addictive (Benzodiazepines, 1997). People who have intense panic attacks or strong phobias that are not eased by other methods could be candidates for benzodiazepine prescription (Ashton, 2005, p. 250). Another benefit is that benzodiazepines have been shown to drastically relieve muscle spasms that are caused by epilepsy (Benzodiazepines, 1997). For example, the Epilepsy Foundation of America endorses the use of Valium for emergency, ongoing seizures. It is the gold standard in this situation because Valium is able to go through the blood-brain barrier in a short period of time, saving lives and decreasing the risk of brain damage in the patient (Medicines for Epilepsy). These properties are also useful for people who maybe be going through alcohol withdrawal, where convulsions are a possible risk factor (Ashton, 2005, p. 250). The most important factor when discussing benzodiazepines is having control over the substance. Benzodiazepines stop being beneficial when the patient has to exceed their dosage in quantity or length of time, or they are used no longer for a medical purpose. For example, an individual who uses a benzodiazepine for recreational use, or to help them unwind is not using the drug properly. This can lead to negative effects of the drugs such as addiction, dependence, and losing effectiveness of the drug (Benzodiazepines, 1997). In her article, The Diagnosis and Management of Benzodiazepine Dependence, (2005) Heather Ashton writes Present criteria for substance dependence include tolerance, escalation of dosage, continued use despite efforts to stop and knowledge of adverse effects, other behavioural features, and a withdrawal symptom. Benzodiazepines meet all of these criteria (p. 250). As seen in these few examples, benzodiazepines are a dangerous group of substances. This is especially true when they are not strictly controlled, overprescribed or misused. Being dependent upon benzodiazepines is dangerous because long-term use of these substances can amplify the symptoms they were used to treat. Anxiety problems and depression can be worsened when people overuse benzodiazepines and then begin to experience withdrawal symptoms (Benzodiazepines, 2007). When benzodiazepines are misused and abused for years there is a risk that this person will then have problems with learning new things and paying attention. There is also the risk that people who take benzodiazepines can hurt themselves through accidents because increased dosages of the medicines can put them in an altered state of mind where they are more likely to fall and hurt themselves (Ashton, 2005, p. 250). Over-prescription is a problem in the United States that ranges from pain killers to antibiotics. Benzodiazepines are not exempt from this group. Whether it be from overworked doctors or individuals working the system to gain more and more prescriptions, benzodiazepine abuse leads to dependence (Ashton, 2005, p. 249). The United States Drug Enforcement Administration reported that in 1999 approximately 100 million prescriptions for benzodiazepine drugs were written (Benzodiazepines). All opinions aside, this is an astonishing number. Over-prescription also leads to the problem of the drugs ending up on the streets. Some varieties can even be conveniently found on the World Wide Web (Ashton, 2005, p. 252). Diazepam, better-known by the name Valium, is one of the more popular types of benzodiazepines that are sold illegally. These are potentially dangerous, controlled substances that do not belong on the streets (Benzodiazepines). Why is it that benzodiazepines are so likely to cause dependence? Individuals with no previous problems of abuse can be prescribed for the drugs incorrectly, take the drugs for too long, and find that they are unable to wean themselves away from them (Benzodiazepines: Risks, 1997). Tolerance is usually the number one cause of dependence in users of benzodiazepines. On some occasions the patient may be prescribed one benzodiazepine that after a period of time that can range for weeks or months, stops giving them they affect they need. A second type of benzodiazepine will then be prescribed. In the end this cycle is keeping the patient from receiving helpful treatment for their ailment, and the patient is unable to withdrawal (Ashton, 2005, p. 250). Benzodiazepines are different from other drugs that we may think of when we hear words like dependence and addiction. Unlike street drugs like crack and methamphetamines, benzodiazepines are usually taken by people with no intention of getting a high or fix as previously described. This is a problem that needs to be addressed in our society. What a sad thing that some of our health professionals that we pay so much through insurance or even out of pocket, for whatever reason cannot be responsible enough to look out for the well-being of their patients. The patient may not seek treatment and try to quit taking the medications by themselves. In this instance, the withdrawal symptoms of benzodiazepines are no cake-walk and can include high anxiety levels, convulsions, and delirium (Ashton, 2005, p. 251). People who find that they are dependent upon benzodiazepines do have a high chance of around 80 percent of overcoming it when the process is aided by professionals, and the addict is willing to change (Ashton, 2005, p. 253). Maybe its a stretch, but this could be seen as a possible benefit of the drugs. People trying to get off the drugs are usually administered less and less of them until the doses are completely stopped. In some cases, if the user stops cold-turkey, especially with stronger benzodiazepines, the withdrawal will be much more intense (Center for Substance Abuse Research, 2005).

Theories of Mass Extinction :: essays research papers

Scientists have found the first evidence that a devastating meteor impact in the Middle East might have triggered the mysterious collapse of civilisations more than 4,000 years ago. Studies of satellite images of southern Iraq have revealed a two-mile-wide circular depression which scientists say bears all the hallmarks of an impact crater. If confirmed, it would point to the Middle East being struck by a meteor with the violence equivalent to hundreds of nuclear bombs. Today's crater lies on what would have been shallow sea 4,000 years ago, and any impact would have caused devastating fires and flooding. The catastrophic effect of these could explain the mystery of why so many early cultures went into sudden decline around 2300 BC. They include the demise of the Akkad culture of central Iraq, with its mysterious semi-mythological emperor Sargon; the end of the fifth dynasty of Egypt's Old Kingdom, following the building of the Great Pyramids and the sudden disappearance of hundreds of early settlements in the Holy Land. Until now, archaeologists have put forward a host of separate explanations for these events, from local wars to environmental changes. Recently, some astronomers have suggested that meteor impacts could explain such historical mysteries. The crater's faint outline was found by Dr Sharad Master, a geologist at the University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, on satellite images of the Al 'Amarah region, about 10 miles north-west of the confluence of the Tigris and Euphrates and home of the Marsh Arabs. "It was a purely accidental discovery," Dr Master told The Telegraph last week. "I was reading a magazine article about the canal-building projects of Saddam Hussein, and there was a photograph showing lots of formations - one of which was very, very circular." Detailed analysis of other satellite images taken since the mid-1980s showed that for many years the crater contained a small lake. The draining of the region, as part of Saddam's campaign against the Marsh Arabs, has since caused the lake to recede, revealing a ring-like ridge inside the larger bowl-like depression - a classic feature of meteor impact craters. The crater also appears to be, in geological terms, very recent. Dr Master said: "The sediments in this region are very young, so whatever caused the crater-like structure, it must have happened within the past 6,000 years." Reporting his finding in the latest issue of the journal Meteoritics &;amp Planetary Science, Dr Master suggests that a recent meteor impact is the most plausible explanation for the structure.

Conflict Between Barbarism and Reason in Lord of the Flies Essay exampl

Conflict Between Barbarism and Reason in Lord of the Flies      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   William Golding's Lord of the Flies is a carefully constructed fable that was, in Golding's words, "an attempt to trace the defects of society back to the defects of human nature." (Grigson 189). The novel shows a group of English boys reverting to savagery on a Pacific island. The book deals with the conflict between humanity's inner barbarism on one side, and the civilizing influence of reason on the other.    Each of the two characters I have chosen to contrast and compare is presented in the novel as the most influential representative of each of the two sides. Jack, the chief of the hunters, representing the hidden human passion and almost animal cruelty, and Ralph, with Piggy and a few other children, who is representing human common sense. When the reader enters the book, they find the whole group of the boys on a small island after they had been evacuated from their hometown and after their plain had crashed leaving them on the island with no grown-ups.    At the beginning of the book the position of Jack and Ralph is more or less equal. They are both well-conditioned boys of school age, who find themselves on a lonely island with some other boys of various age, but not older than themselves. They share similar opinions about their situation and its solution. They both want to be rescued and taken home. They both realise that there are a lot of things they must do to survive on the island until all of them get rescued. And lastly, they both are dominant types, but yet at the beginning of the novel they both acknowledge each other's authority and behave to each other in a friendly way.    At the return Ralph found himself alone... ... Epstein, E.L. "Notes on Lord of the Flies." Lord of the Flies. U.S.A.: Puntnum Publishing Group, 1954. 185-90. Fitzgerald, John F. and John R. Kayser. "Golding's Lord of the Flies: Pride as Original Sin." Studies in the Novel 24 (1992): 78-88. Golding, William. Lord of the Flies. U.S.A.: Puntnum Publishing Group, 1954. Golding, William. "Lord of the Flies as Fable." Readings on Lord of the Flies. Ed. Bruno Leone. Sand Diego: Green Haven Press, 1997. 88-97. Houston, Daryl L. 1995 "Golding's themes" taken from http://www.lookup.com/Homepages/95416/golding.html The Concise Encyclopedia Of Modern World Literature (1963) ,edited by Geoffrey Grigson, New York, Hawthorn Books Inc., pg. 189-190 Woodward, Kathleen. "The Case for Strict Law and Order." Readings on Lord of the Flies. Ed. Bruno Leone. Sand Diego: Green Haven Press, 1997. 88-97.   

Art History: Mask of Agamemnon

ANCIENT ART 200 Was the Mask Of Agamemnon Edited by Schliemann and his Workers? 5/14/2011 Sandra. Baah | Schliemann was a German archeologist who excavated the shaft graves of Mycenae. He found a mask which has been claimed to be the mask of Agamemnon. This has brought up endless debates about the authenticity of the mask. The mask is said to be one of Schliemann's forgeries. Some scholars claim the mask is too new or does not have any qualities that prove that it is Mycenaean. It is difficult to know whether the mask is authentic or fake. William A. Calder and David A.Traill are two archeologists who challenge the authenticity of the mask. They have come up with arguments that try to prove the mask is a forgery. Some scholars claim that their arguments are not valid and lack scholarly reasoning to support their arguments. Some scholars believe that the mask is a mixture of different styles from different places and times. No one can really tell if the mask is authentic or fake. I be lieve that the mask was edited by Schliemann and his men. The mask of Agamemnon is not authentic due to its lack of Mycenaean qualities that would prove its authenticity.The mask of Agamemnon is not authentic; therefore it was edited by Schliemann and his workers. The mask of Agamemnon was found in Shaft Grave V by Schliemann on the Treasury of Atreus it is one of the most famous artworks that have been found. The mask of Agamemnon is a gold funeral mask. It was made using the repousse? method. This technique makes it look like it was hammered. The hair on the mask looks like it was engraved. The mask is crooked. The ears are not in proportion, the moustache looks like it was put on wrong and everything on this mask looks wrong.The beard on the mask is V shaped. Most funerary masks are flat, but this one is not.. The mask is three dimensional and it looks like the ears were cut out rather than made together with the rest of the mask. The hair on the mask is very detailed; one can al most see every strand of his beard. The eyes on the mask appear to be open. The eyelids are made in a way that makes the eyes seem to be both open and closed at the same time. Compared to the mask of Agamemnon, other objects found in the graves look Mycenaean and authentic.One example is image three, which is the inlaid dagger, was found in grave A Mycenae, Greece, 1600-1500 BCE. The dagger is about nine inches long. It is made of different metals such as gold, silver, and niello; niello is a chemical that is rubbed into the needle- like cut to make the texture of the dagger. The daggers were difficult to make, and are very detailed. One depicts a scene of a lion hunt; the lions look heraldic and symbolic, this explains why they were found in graves because only important officials were buried with expensive ornaments.The lions on the dagger are in the flying gallop pose, which is a convention started by the Minoans then adapted by the Mycenaean’s. The figures on the dagger a re wearing shorts but not helmets and carrying a shield. I believe the figures represent the people buried in the graves, because they look heroic and important people were buried in the graves. It is possible that Schliemann made a similar assumption in finding the mask of Agamemnon since he was a Trojan soldier. The two artworks described beforehand are different even though they are claimed to be from the same civilization.Figure three shows more Mycenaean qualities than the mask of Agamemnon. Most of the Mycenaean metal works were not made of pure gold. Like the inlaid dagger, most of them were mixed with metals like silver. They are both inlaid but the dagger has signs of the Mycenaean convention of depicting animal scenes. It is believed that the funerary mask Schliemann found is a forgery. The funerary mask does not look like some of the other Mycenaean gold funerary mask. A local reporter of the Argolis News reported the â€Å"mask had no mustache†.Compared to figure two found in shaft grave A, the facial features on mask of Agamemnon does not match all the others. It is believed the facial hair does not look Mycenaean. According to Harrington Spencer the mouth on figure 2 is short and thick with ill defined lips and no discernible chin, but the mask of Agamemnon has a wider mouth, thin lips and a well define chin. The eyes on the mask of Agamemnon are different from the other masks found in the shaft graves of Mycenae. The eyebrows on figure two are not shown in detail, but the eyebrows on the mask of Agamemnon the look as if they have been engraved on the mask.The eyelids on the mask of Agamemnon seem to be open, while those on figure two are closed. Schliemann edited the mask because it does not have any similarities with other metal work found in Mycenae. The mask looks too perfect compared to the other masks found in the grave; it looks like it was made at a later date. It is not severely faded like the other artworks found in the shaft gra ves of Mycenae. The Mycenaean' did not make their metalwork purely out of gold. Most of their artwork was made with different metals, such as silver and bronze.I believe the mask was edited because the mask of Schliemann found was believed to be made of pure gold and according to Calder â€Å"no ancient object was ever made of pure gold†. Some scholars like David Traill, have questioned the authenticity of the mask of Agamemnon and requested for the object to be tested. Traill has asked for it to be tested to see if the mask is really made of gold but his request has been denied. If the mask is said to be authentic, then why has it not been tested? The answer is not known.If the mask is believed to be an authentic piece, then it should be tested. Testing the mask to know if it is pure gold does not ruin the mask instead testing it will enable scholars to find out the truth about the mask's authenticity. Some Scholars believe Schliemann planted the mask. The dates at which the mask was found bring about questions as to whether the mask is a forgery or not. According to Calder â€Å"the Mycenae excavations took place between August seventh and December third 1876, the mask was discovered November 30. Only three days before the site was closed†.It seems like the mask was planted in the grave to be found. Why would Schliemann close the site right after he found the mask of Agamemnon? It might be that he planted the mask in the grave so he would become famous for finding the mask of Agamemnon. It could have been that Schliemann was looking for a plan to advance his career and in order to do that he planted the mask and got his fame from supposedly finding it. It is claimed the excavations were closed on November 26th and 27th . His absence could have made it possible for him to plant the mask.Some archeologists do not believe that Schliemann planted the mask, instead they claim that â€Å"it is difficult to see how the insertion of the mask could hav e been achieved when Schliemann was working under the constant supervision of Panagiotis Stamatakis the director of Antiquities, who was assisted from November 28 by other archeologists sent from Athens, and by a guard of Greek soldiers on the site†. Under this strict supervision it is highly doubtful that Schliemann planted the mask in the grave so he could find it.Due to the reasons stated beforehand, I believe the mask of Agamemnon was edited because it does not relate to other Mycenaean art. It is different compared to the other artworks found in grave A and B. The mask of Agamemnon does not follow the convention of Mycenaean art. Traill states that â€Å"the mask of Agamemnon does not show any trace of Mycenaean norm or convention†. According to Calder â€Å"the mask of Agamemnon is stylish and innovative. It is far away from the Mycenaean convention and looks fairly new.I believe the mask of Agamemnon was altered by Schliemann. There is not much prove that shows that it was edited, but the mask does not look authentic. William Calder and David Traill try to prove that the mask is a forgery, but they do not have substantial evidence to support their argument. It looks like it was made in a hurry, and ancient artworks were not made purely of gold. I also believe the mask was edited because Schliemann was not an honest man, he admitted that he bought some of the objects he claimed to have found.The mask of Agamemnon should be removed from textbooks because archeologists do not have enough information on it, it is based on observations and on an individual’s perception of it. It should not be added to art history books before it is tested. I believe for something to be studied, one should have background knowledge of the object. Figure 1 Mask of Agamemnon 1550-1500 BCE Figure 2 Funerary Mask from Shaft Grave IV 1550-1500 BCE Found in Grave Circle A by Schliemann and his workers. Figure 3 Inlaid Dagger Blade, 1550-1500 BCEDagger from grav e circle A at Mycenae. Found in the national archeological museum, Athens. BIBLIOGRAPHY Christopulous, George A, and John C Bastias. Prejistory and Protohistory. University park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania state univveristy press, 1974. Dickinson, Oliver. â€Å"The ‘Face of Agamemnon. ‘† Hesperia: The Journal of the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  American School of Classical Studies at Athens, 3rd ser. , 74 (July-August   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2005): 299-308. Accessed May 2, 2011. http:///www. jstor. org/stable/   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  25067959.Elliot, Alexander. The Horizon Concise of Greece. New York: American Heritage,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1972. Harrington, Spencer P. M. â€Å"Behind the Mask of Agamemnon. † Archeology 52, no. 4   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (July-August 1999). Accessed May 2, 2011. http://web. ebscohost. com/ehost/   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  delivery? sid=1d53bfed-ae35-45c6-8097-2d4bcffa3301%40sessionmgr10;vid=7;hid=18. Hilson, Muriel. â€Å"Studies in Art Education. â₠¬  Neolithic Art and the Art History   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Clas 32, no. 4 (1991): 230-238. Accessed April 27, 2011. http://www. jstor. org/stable.

The Rise of the Spring by Stravinsky

I attended a symphony orchestra at Alexander Kasser Theater in Montclair State University on Wednesday, December 8th, 2010 at 7:30 pm. The program was approximately an hour and a half long, with two parts and a short intermission. The Rite of Spring (Le Sacre du printemps- 1913) by Igor Stravinsky (1882-1971) was performed. There was an assortment of musical energy in parts of the first section of the symphony with a quantity of sections constantly changing rhythms. I really enjoyed the piece, it was not too long to become fed up with and distracted. Listening to the piece made me feel adventurous in some points; not knowing what could happen next, almost like to a movie. The Rite of Spring is a piece that tells a story, where in order for spring to rise, a young female must be chosen before the sage and dance to death. This piece is full of paradox, the music is incredibly dynamic, loud and soft, startling and delicate, and dark and it is extravagant. The Rise of the Spring is textured in its irregular time signatures and instrumental diversity (trumpets, flutes, clarinets, bassoons, string arrangements, etc. ). There was a percussive use of strings, halting rhythms, and also irregular meters. The first act began with an opening solo of the Bassoon. Later on, half of the Violas played in B Minor when the other half played B Major, then the trumpets enter, causing a dramatic importance in the piece. The tones bounced off each other, making it sound much alike harmonically. Those strings would play in a strict rhythm together, suddenly following up with French horns. After the horns and trumpet, the music stops, â€Å"the chosen one† of the piece must become the sacrifice. Those famous measures have eleven quarter notes playing that show the glorification of â€Å"the chosen one†. Every glorification of every measure is basically in a different meter, and it is quite challenging to play as I witnessed. The very last quarter of the piece signifies the moment of death, having the double bass play four different pitches at the same time. Whether or not it was intentional on Stravinsky’s part, the notes were in order of D-E-A-D. It sounds quite irregular but also entwined to make the piece sound superior, which is why Igor was very clever in his time to make such a deep piece here. Without hesitation, I would see another symphony similar to Stravinsky’s The Rise of the Spring.

COMPARE AND CONTRAST THE FOURTH OF JULY (AUDRE LORDE) AND SISTER Essay

COMPARE AND CONTRAST THE FOURTH OF JULY (AUDRE LORDE) AND SISTER FLOWERS (MAYA ANGELOU) - Essay Example Lorde’s trip to Washington, and Angelou’s relationship with Mrs. Flowers, are crucial episodes which shape Lorde’s and Angelou’s views of the world around them and define their own self-images and identities. Lorde and Angelou come to these encounters in different frames of mind, are deeply influenced by others and come away with altered self-images. Lorde and Angelou are at contrasting periods in their lives and have different frames of mind at the time of these crucial encounters. Lorde is an eighth grade graduate, who is on the threshold of adolescence. Her trip is a graduation gift and she embarks on it in a spirit of hope and excitement: Washington D.C. is â€Å"the fabled and famous capital of our country† (Lorde, 239). This is her first day-time trip on a train and she looks forward to it. The family makes elaborate preparations for the trip and â€Å"packed for a week† (Lorde, 239). There is a sense of excitement and the happy ambience of a picnic, complete with roast chicken, cakes and peaches. Lorde spends her â€Å"afternoon squinting up at monuments to freedom and past presidencies and democracy† (Lorde, 241). She is very much a normal schoolgirl, confident and secure in the bonds of her family, prepared to enjoy her trip. On the other hand, Angelou comes to the encounter with Mrs. Flowers deeply scarred by her earlier rape. As a result of this, she refuses to talk to anybody except her brother, Bailey, and retreats into a cocoon of silence. She is listless and admits that â€Å"For nearly a year, I sopped around the house, the Store, the school, and the church, like an old biscuit, dirty and inedible† (Angelou, ). She is a little girl of about nine and is desperately shy. When Mrs. Flowers asks her to accompany her home, Angelou â€Å"hung back in the separate unasked and unanswerable questions† (Angelou, ). Haunted by her trauma, Angelou cuts herself off from intercourse. Lorde and

Oleanna Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Oleanna - Essay Example Their speech is a conditioned reflex accompanied by prejudgement of each other’s thoughts, which hinders communication. When Carol enters John’s office and presents his case, he gladly receives him as one of the needy students who have come for assistance. He abandons everything he was doing and sits to listen to the innocent college girl who wants to raise her grades. Several attempts by John to explain to Carol how she needs to study do not yield up anything because of the break up in communication. At one point, Carol misquotes John to have called her stupid. She twists words to have another meaning, which depicts her character. In their conversation Carol and John use words like â€Å"what,† â€Å"I don’t understand,† â€Å"I don’t know what you are saying.† Carol and John are seeking of each other’s conversation meaning that they do not seem to understand one another. At one point, Carol thinks that â€Å"terms of art† have another meaning. On seeking for the meaning from John who had used it, he states that he does not know. With these unclear messages, you hear either Carol or John nodding in agreement or responding to what the other is saying. All this is bound to misinterpretation. For instance, according to Mamet, After attempts to help Carol fails, Carol sobs deeply and John places his hand on her to comfort her. Carol throws his hand off her and she interprets this as a sexual harassment. Their conversation is interrupted by Johns wife who needs him at home and Carol Promises to come to the office the second time. The following day carol comes to John’s office with bills that show that she has filed a case with the tenure committee that John sexually harassed her. Professor’s noble efforts to help carol had been turned into something offensive. John could not understand such a misinterpretation and decided to sort things out with Carol, which only makes things worse. What the professor had though

The effects of TV Advertising on older consumer behaviour over 50 Essay

The effects of TV Advertising on older consumer behaviour over 50 years in the United Kingdom - Essay Example The findings of the research suggest that the segmentation of the group under question leaves somewhat to be desired given that this group are given little relevance and on the whole underrepresented within the media. In addition, it was found that it is not so much the underrepresentation that is an issue with this group, rather it is the portrayal; it is felt that older consumers are portrayed in a disparaging and derogatory manner of being ill and feeble or alternatively unrealistically attractive. This lack of synergy between the advertisers and the third agers is somewhat dangerous given their growing spending power within society and it is one which cannot be ignored if companies wish to be lucrative. The advertisers and the marketers have been exploiting the vulnerable minds of the children as they recognize the increasing influence that children have in family purchase decision making. The study also finds that organisations engage in CSR activities basically with a profit-dr iven motive while trying to project an image of being socially conscious and responsible organisation. All efforts towards this is aimed at enhancing the brand image, the brand identity and the corporate image. The marketing mix elements in advertising for older consumers have not been appropriately addressed. The study concludes that television advertising has not been able to make any significant impact on the older consumers. The limitations to the study have been highlighted and areas for further research have been recommended. Table of Contents Chapter One: Introductory Chapter 1.0 Background 1 1.1 Rationale for research 3 1.2 Aims and Objectives 4 1.3 Research questions 4 1.4 Dissertation Structure 5 1.6 Chapter Summary 6 Chapter Two: Literature Review 2.0 Chapter Overview 7 2.1 The older consumers 7 2.1.1 The concept of ‘older consumers’ 7 2.1.2 Lifestyle of the older consumers 8 2.1.3 Segmentation for the older consumers 10 2.2 The advertising medium 11 2.2.1 Pr inciples of Advertising 11 2.2.2 Advertising as a means of persuasion 13 2.2.3 Television as an advertising medium 14 2.3 CSR and advertising 16 2.4 Consumer behaviour 18 2.5 Consumer buying process 19 2.6 Summary of the chapter 21 Chapter Three: Research Methodology 3.0 Chapter Overview 22 3.1 Academic Research 22 3.2 Purpose of the research and phenomenon 23 3.3 Epistemology 23 3.4 Research Approach 24 3.6 Data Collection 25 3.7 Justification: Secondary Research 25 3.8 Sources of secondary data 28 3.9 Ethical concerns 29 3.10 Chapter Summary 29 Chapter Four: FINDINGS 4.0 Chapter Overview 30 4.1 Television advertising and the older consumers 30 4.2 The impact of television advertising on the children 37 4.3 CSR in television advertising 39 4.3 Chapter Summary 43 Chapter Five: Discussion and Analysis 5.0 Discussion 44 5.1